- Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 2001; 414:782-787. ▲
- Reaven GM. Insulin resistance and its consequences: type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. In: LeRoith D, Taylor SI, Olefsky JM, editors. Diabetes Mellitus: A Fundamental and Clinical Text. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000: 604-615. ▲
- Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37:1595-1607. ▲
- DeFronzo RA. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes: metabolic and molecular implications for identifying diabetes genes. Diabet Rev 1997; 5:177-269. ▲
- Hill JO, Wyatt HR, Reed GW, Peters JC. Obesity and the environment: where do we go from here? Science 2003; 299:853-855. ▲
- Turner RC, Cull CA, Frighi V, Holman RR. Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - Progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). J Am Med Assoc 1999; 281:2005-2012. ▲
- DeFronzo RA. Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131:281-303. ▲
- Evans JL, Rushakoff RJ. Oral Pharmacological Agents for Type 2 Diabetes: Sulfonylureas, Meglitinides, Metformin, Thiazolidinediones, a-Glucosidase Inhibitors, and Emerging Approaches. In: Degroot L, Goldfine ID, Rushakoff RJ, editors. Endotext.com: Diabetes and Carbohydrate Metabolism. http://www.medtext.com:MDtext.com, 2002. ▲
- Fuhr JP, He H, Goldfarb N, Nash DB. Use of chromium picolinate and biotin in the management of type 2 diabetes: an economic analysis. Dis Manag 2005; 8:265-275. ▲
- Altman SH, Parks-Thomas C. Controlling spending for prescription drugs. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:855-856. ▲
- Dham S, Shah V, Hirsch S, Banerji MA. The role of complementary and alternative medicine in diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2006; 6:251-258. ▲
- Cicero AF, Derosa G, Gaddi A. What do herbalists suggest to diabetic patients in order to improve glycemic control? Evaluation of scientific evidence and potential risks. Acta Diabetol 2004; 41:91-98. ▲
- Saxena A, Vikram NK. Role of selected Indian plants in management of type 2 diabetes: a review. J Altern Complement Med 2004; 10:369-378. ▲
- Shekelle PG, Hardy M, Morton SC et al. Are Ayurvedic herbs for diabetes effective? J Fam Pract 2005; 54:876-886. ▲
- Andrade-Cetto A, Heinrich M. Mexican plants with hypoglycemic effect used in the treatment of diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 99:325-348. ▲
- Johnson L, Strich H, Taylor A et al. Use of herbal remedies by diabetic Hispanic women in the southwestern United States. Phytother Res 2006; 20:250-255. ▲
- Shapiro K, Gong WC. Natural products used for diabetes. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash ) 2002; 42:217-226. ▲
- Berman BM, Swyers JP, Kaczmarczyk J. Complementary and alternative medicine: herbal therapies for diabetes. J Assoc Acad Minor Phys 1999; 10:10-14. ▲
- Grover JK, Yadav S, Vats V. Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 81:81-100. ▲
- Murray MT, Pizzorno JE. Botanical medicine ¿ a modern perspective. Textbook of Natural Medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1999. ▲
- AACE Nutrition Guidelines Task Force. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for the clinical use of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. Endocr Pract 2003; 9:417-470. ▲
- Fontanarosa PB, Rennie D, DeAngelis CD. The need for regulation of dietary supplements-lessons from ephedra. J Am Med Assoc 2003; 289:1568-1570. ▲
- Kinsel JF, Straus SE. Complementary and alternative therpaeutics: rigorous research is needed to support claims. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2003; 43:463-484. ▲
- Wolfe SM. Ephedra--scientific evidence versus money/politics. Science 2003; 300(5618):437. ▲
- Fontanarosa PB, Rennie D, DeAngelis CD. The need for regulation of dietary supplements-lessons from ephedra. J Am Med Assoc 2003; 289:1568-1570. ▲
- Wolfe SM. Ephedra--scientific evidence versus money/politics. Science 2003; 300(5618):437. ▲
- Bent S, Tiedt TN, Odden MC, Shlipak MG. The relative safety of ephedra compared with other herbal products. Ann Intern Med 2003; 138:468-471. ▲
- Shekelle PG, Hardy ML, Morton SC et al. Efficacy and safety of ephedra and ephedrine for weight loss and athletic performance: a meta-analysis. J Am Med Assoc 2003; 289:1537-1545. ▲
- Kinsel JF, Straus SE. Complementary and alternative therpaeutics: rigorous research is needed to support claims. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2003; 43:463-484. ▲
- AACE Nutrition Guidelines Task Force. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for the clinical use of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. Endocr Pract 2003; 9:417-470. ▲
- Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Phillips RS. Use of complementary and alternative medicine among persons with diabetes mellitus: results of a national survey. Am J Public Health 2002; 92:1648-1652. ▲
- Berman BM, Swyers JP, Kaczmarczyk J. Complementary and alternative medicine: herbal therapies for diabetes. J Assoc Acad Minor Phys 1999; 10:10-14. ▲
- Kim C, Kwok YS. Navajo use of native healers. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158:2245-2249. ▲
- Mull DS, Nguyen N, Mull JD. Vietnamese diabetic patients and their physicians: what ethnography can teach us. West J Med 2001; 175:307-311. ▲
- Noel PH, Pugh JA, Larme AC, Marsh G. The use of traditional plant medicines for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in South Texas. Phytother Res 2003; 11:512-517. ▲
- Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL et al. Trends in alternative medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: results of a follow-up national survey. J Am Med Assoc 1998; 280:1569-1575. ▲
- Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Phillips RS. Use of complementary and alternative medicine among persons with diabetes mellitus: results of a national survey. Am J Public Health 2002; 92:1648-1652. ▲
- American Diabetes Association. Unproven therapies. Diabetes Care 2003; 26 (Suppl 1):S142. ▲
- AACE Nutrition Guidelines Task Force. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for the clinical use of dietary supplements and nutraceuticals. Endocr Pract 2003; 9:417-470. ▲
- Shapiro K, Gong WC. Natural products used for diabetes. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash ) 2002; 42:217-226. ▲
- Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS. Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:1277-1294. ▲
- Dey L, Attele AS, Yuan CS. Alternative therapies for type 2 diabetes. Altern Med Rev 2002; 7:45-58. ▲
- Evans JL, Maddux BA, Goldfine ID. Antioxidants in diabetic complications and insulin resistance. In: Raz I, Skyler JS, Shafrir E, editors. Diabetes: From Research to Diagnosis and Treatment. London: Martin Dunitz, 2003: 479-496. ▲
- Antioxidants in Diabetes Management. 1st ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2000. ▲
- Ha T, Lean MEJ. Diet and lifestyle modification in the management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In: Pickup JC, Williams G, editors. Textbook of Diabetes. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1997: 1-18. ▲
- Jenkins DJA, Jenkins AL, Kendall CWC. Dietary therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: spreading the nutrient load. In: LeRoith D, Taylor SI, Olefsky JM, editors. Diabetes Mellitus: A Fundamental and Clinical Text. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002: 757-765. ▲
- Costacou T, Mayer-Davis EJ. Nutrition and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Annu Rev Nutr 2003; 23:147-170. ▲
- Youngren JF. Exercise and the regulation of blood glucose. In: Degroot L, Goldfine ID, Rushakoff RJ, editors. Endotext.org: Diabetes and Carbohydrate Metabolism. Internet-based: http://www.mdtext.com/,3 A.D.: http://www.mdtext.com/diabetes/diabetes14/diabetesframe14.htm. ▲
- Watts NB, Spanheimer RG, DiGirolamo M et al. Prediction of glucose response to weight loss in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150:803-806. ▲
- Wing RR, Koeske R, Epstein LH, Nowalk MP, Gooding W, Becker D. Long-term effects of modest weight loss in type II diabetic patients. Arch Intern Med 1987; 147:1749-1753. ▲
- Goldstein DJ. Beneficial health effects of modest weight loss. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992; 16:397-415. ▲
- Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL et al. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes--2006: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:2140-2157. ▲
- Diabetes Medical Guidelines Task Force. The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for the management of diabetes mellitus: the AACE system of intensive diabetes self-management-2002 update. Endocr Pract 2002; 8 (Suppl.1):40-82. ▲
- Chandalia M, Garg A, Lutjohann D, von Bergmann K, Grundy SM, Brinkley LJ. Beneficial effects of high dietary fiber intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1392-1398. ▲
- Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Owen R et al. Beneficial effects of viscous dietary fiber from Konjac-mannan in subjects with the insulin resistance syndrome: results of a controlled metabolic trial. Diabetes Care 2000; 23:9-14. ▲
- Frape DL, Jones AM. Chronic and postprandial responses of plasma insulin, glucose and lipids in volunteers given dietary fibre supplements. Br J Nutr 1995; 73:733-751. ▲
- Lakhdar A, Farish E, McLaren EH. Fibre and patients with diabetes. Br Med J 1988; 296:1471. ▲
- He FJ, Nowson CA, MacGregor GA. Fruit and vegetable consumption and stroke: meta-analysis of cohort studies. Lancet 2006; 367:320-326. ▲
- Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M et al. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation 2006; 114:82-96. ▲
- Stanner SA, Hughes J, Kelly CN, Buttriss J. A review of the epidemiological evidence for the 'antioxidant hypothesis'. Public Health Nutr 2004; 7:407-422. ▲
- van Dam RM, Hu FB. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. J Am Med Assoc 2005; 294:97-104. ▲
- Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL et al. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes--2006: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:2140-2157. ▲
- Stanner SA, Hughes J, Kelly CN, Buttriss J. A review of the epidemiological evidence for the 'antioxidant hypothesis'. Public Health Nutr 2004; 7:407-422. ▲
- Lee DH, Folsom AR, Harnack L, Halliwell B, Jacobs DR, Jr. Does supplemental vitamin C increase cardiovascular disease risk in women with diabetes? Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:1194-1200. ▲
- Liu S, Lee IM, Song Y et al. Vitamin E and risk of type 2 diabetes in the women's health study randomized controlled trial. Diabetes 2006; 55:2856-2862. ▲
- Lonn E, Bosch J, Yusuf S et al. Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2005; 293:1338-1347. ▲
- Boshtam M, Rafiei M, Golshadi ID, Ani M, Shirani Z, Rostamshirazi M. Long term effects of oral vitamin E supplement in type II diabetic patients. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2005; 75:341-346. ▲
- Bantle JP, Wylie-Rosett J, Albright AL et al. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes--2006: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:2140-2157. ▲
- Keys A. Mediterranean diet and public health: personal reflections. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 619 (6 Suppl):1321S-1323S. ▲
- Curtis BM, O'Keefe JH, Jr. Understanding the Mediterranean diet. Could this be the new "gold standard" for heart disease prevention? Postgrad Med 2002; 112:35. ▲
- de LM, Salen P. The Mediterranean-style diet for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Public Health Nutr 2006; 9:118-123. ▲
- Willett WC. The Mediterranean diet: science and practice. Public Health Nutr 2006; 9:105-110. ▲
- Serra-Majem L, Roman B, Estruch R. Scientific evidence of interventions using the Mediterranean diet: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2006; 64:S27-S47. ▲
- Trichopoulou A. Mediterranean diet: the past and the present. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2001; 11 (4 Suppl):1-4. ▲
- Schroder H. Protective mechanisms of the Mediterranean diet in obesity and type 2 diabetes. J Nutr Biochem 2006; Epub ahead of print. ▲
- Estruch R, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Corella D et al. Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2006; 145:1-11. ▲
- Biesalski HK. Diabetes preventive components in the Mediterranean diet. Eur J Nutr 2004; 43 Suppl 1:I/26-I/30. ▲
- Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C, Stefanadis C. The epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Greek adults: the ATTICA study. Diabet Med 2005; 22:1581-1588. ▲
- Hung HC, Joshipura KJ, Jiang R et al. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of major chronic disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96:1577-1584. ▲
- Fraga CG. Cocoa, diabetes, and hypertension: should we eat more chocolate? Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81:541-542. ▲
- Fraga CG. Cocoa, diabetes, and hypertension: should we eat more chocolate? Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81:541-542. ▲
- Fisher ND, Hughes M, Gerhard-Herman M, Hollenberg NK. Flavanol-rich cocoa induces nitric-oxide-dependent vasodilation in healthy humans. J Hypertens 2003; 21:2281-2286. ▲
- Fisher ND, Hollenberg NK. Flavanols for cardiovascular health: the science behind the sweetness. J Hypertens 2005; 23:1453-1459. ▲
- Rein D, Lotito S, Holt RR, Keen CL, Schmitz HH, Fraga CG. Epicatechin in human plasma: in vivo determination and effect of chocolate consumption on plasma oxidation status. J Nutr 2000; 130:2109S-2114S. ▲
- Rein D, Lotito S, Holt RR, Keen CL, Schmitz HH, Fraga CG. Epicatechin in human plasma: in vivo determination and effect of chocolate consumption on plasma oxidation status. J Nutr 2000; 130:2109S-2114S. ▲
- Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, Alexopoulos N, Economou E, Andreadou I, Stefanadis C. Effect of dark chocolate on arterial function in healthy individuals. Am J Hypertens 2005; 18:785-791. ▲
- Grassi D, Lippi C, Necozione S, Desideri G, Ferri C. Short-term administration of dark chocolate is followed by a significant increase in insulin sensitivity and a decrease in blood pressure in healthy persons. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81:611-614. ▲
- Grassi D, Necozione S, Lippi C et al. Cocoa reduces blood pressure and insulin resistance and improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertensives. Hypertension 2005; 46:398-405. ▲
- Griggs B. Green Pharmacy. A history of herbal medicine. 1st ed. London: Robert Hale, 1981. ▲
- Murray MT, Pizzorno JE. Botanical medicine ¿ a modern perspective. Textbook of Natural Medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1999. ▲
- Bailey CJ, Turner RC. Metformin. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:574-579. ▲
- Witters LA. The blooming of the French lilac. J Clin Invest 2001; 108:1105-1107. ▲
- Cusi K, DeFronzo RA. Metformin: a review of its metabolic effects. Diabetes Rev 1998; 6:89-131. ▲
- Oubre AY, Carlson TJ, King SR, Reaven GM. From plant to patient: An ethnomedical approach to the identification of new drugs for the treatment of NIDDM. Diabetologia 1997; 40:614-617. ▲
- Ackerknecht EH. A Short History of Medicine (revised edition). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Unversity Press, 1982. ▲
- Oubre AY, Carlson TJ, King SR, Reaven GM. From plant to patient: An ethnomedical approach to the identification of new drugs for the treatment of NIDDM. Diabetologia 1997; 40:614-617. ▲
- Bailey CJ, Day C. Traditional plant medicine as treatments for diabetes. Diabetes Care 1989; 12:553-564. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Plants as sources of antidiabetic agents. Economic and Medical Plant Research 1993; 6:149-187. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomed 1995; 2:137-189. ▲
- Haddad PS, Depot M, Settaf A, Cherrah Y. Use of antidiabetic plants in Morocco and Quebec. Diabetes Care 2001; 24:608-609. ▲
- Jung M, Park M, Lee HC, Kang YH, Kang ES, Kim SK. Antidiabetic agents from medicinal plants. Curr Med Chem 2006; 13:1203-1218. ▲
- Kusano S, Abe H. Antidiabetic activity of white skinned sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in obese Zucker fatty rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2000; 23:23-26. ▲
- Kusano S, Abe H, Tamura H. Isolation of antidiabetic components from white-skinned sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2001; 65:109-114. ▲
- Ludvik BH, Mahdjoobian K, Waldhaeusl W et al. The effect of Ipomoea batatas (Caiapo) on glucose metabolism and serum cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized study. Diabetes Care 2002; 25:239-240. ▲
- Ludvik B, Waldhausl W, Prager R, Kautzky-Willer A, Pacini G. Mode of action of ipomoea batatas (Caiapo) in type 2 diabetic patients. Metabolism 2003; 52:875-880. ▲
- Ludvik B, Neuffer B, Pacini G. Efficacy of Ipomoea batatas (Caiapo) on diabetes control in type 2 diabetic subjects treated with diet. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:436-440. ▲
- Evans JL, Rushakoff RJ. Oral Pharmacological Agents for Type 2 Diabetes: Sulfonylureas, Meglitinides, Metformin, Thiazolidinediones, a-Glucosidase Inhibitors, and Emerging Approaches. In: Degroot L, Goldfine ID, Rushakoff RJ, editors. Endotext.com: Diabetes and Carbohydrate Metabolism. http://www.medtext.com:MDtext.com, 2002. ▲
- Bloomgarden ZT, Dodis R, Viscoli CM, Holmboe ES, Inzucchi SE. Lower baseline glycemia reduces apparent oral agent glucose-lowering efficacy: a meta-regression analysis. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:2137-2139. ▲
- Anonymous. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Co, 1998. ▲
- Brasch E, Ulbricht C, Kuo G, Szapary P, Smith M. Therapeutic applications of fenugreek. Altern Med Rev 2003; 8:20-27. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomed 1995; 2:137-189. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Plants as sources of antidiabetic agents. Economic and Medical Plant Research 1993; 6:149-187. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomed 1995; 2:137-189. ▲
- Sauvaire Y, Petit P, Broca C et al. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine: a novel amino acid potentiator of insulin secretion. Diabetes 1998; 47:206-210. ▲
- Broca C, Manteghetti M, Gross R et al. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine: effects of synthetic and natural analogues on insulin secretion. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 390:339-345. ▲
- Broca C, Gross R, Petit P et al. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine: experimental evidence of its insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties. Am J Physiol 1999; 277:E617-E623. ▲
- Broca C, Gross R, Petit P et al. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine: experimental evidence of its insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties. Am J Physiol 1999; 277:E617-E623. ▲
- Shapiro K, Gong WC. Natural products used for diabetes. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash ) 2002; 42:217-226. ▲
- Madar Z, Abel R, Samish S, Arad J. Glucose-lowering effect of fenugreek in non-insulin dependent diabetics. Eur J Clin Nutr 1988; 42:51-54. ▲
- Sharma RD, Sarkar A, Hazra DK. Use of fenugreek seed powder in the management of non-inslin dependent diabetes mellitus. Nutr Res 1996; 16:1331-1339. ▲
- Gupta A, Gupta R, Lal B. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) seeds on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double blind placebo controlled study. J Assoc Physicians India 2001; 49:1057-1061. ▲
- Shapiro K, Gong WC. Natural products used for diabetes. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash ) 2002; 42:217-226. ▲
- Kochhar A, Nagi M. Effect of supplementation of traditional medicinal plants on blood glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetics: a pilot study. J Med Food 2005; 8:545-549. ▲
- Flammang AM, Cifone MA, Erexson GL, Stankowski LF, Jr. Genotoxicity testing of a fenugreek extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:1769-1775. ▲
- Khan A, Bryden NA, Polansky MM, Anderson RA. Insulin potentiating factor and chromium content of selected foods and spices. Biol Trace Element Res 1990; 24:183-188. ▲
- Berrio LF, Polansky MM, Anderson RA. Insulin activity: stimulatory effects of cinnamon and brewer's yeast as influenced by albumin. Horm Res 1992; 37:225-229. ▲
- Berrio LF, Polansky MM, Anderson RA. Insulin activity: stimulatory effects of cinnamon and brewer's yeast as influenced by albumin. Horm Res 1992; 37:225-229. ▲
- Flammang AM, Cifone MA, Erexson GL, Stankowski LF, Jr. Genotoxicity testing of a fenugreek extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2004; 42:1769-1775. ▲
- Evans JL, Jallal B. Protein tyrosine phosphatases: their role in insulin action and potential as drug targets. Exp Opin Invest Drugs 1999; 8:139-160. ▲
- Imparl-Radosevich J, Deas S, Polansky MM et al. Regulation of PTP-1 and insulin receptor kinase by fractions from cinnamon: implications for cinnamon regulation of insulin signalling. Horm Res 1998; 50:177-182. ▲
- Khan A, Safdar M, li Khan MM, Khattak KN, Anderson RA. Cinnamon improves glucose and lipids of people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:3215-3218. ▲
- Mang B, Wolters M, Schmitt B et al. Effects of a cinnamon extract on plasma glucose, HbA, and serum lipids in diabetes mellitus type 2. Eur J Clin Invest 2006; 36:340-344. ▲
- Bloomgarden ZT, Dodis R, Viscoli CM, Holmboe ES, Inzucchi SE. Lower baseline glycemia reduces apparent oral agent glucose-lowering efficacy: a meta-regression analysis. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:2137-2139. ▲
- Vanschoonbeek K, Thomassen BJ, Senden JM, Wodzig WK, van Loon LJ. Cinnamon supplementation does not improve glycemic control in postmenopausal type 2 diabetes patients. J Nutr 2006; 136:977-980. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Plants as sources of antidiabetic agents. Economic and Medical Plant Research 1993; 6:149-187. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomed 1995; 2:137-189. ▲
- Grover JK, Yadav S, Vats V. Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 81:81-100. ▲
- Shapiro K, Gong WC. Natural products used for diabetes. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash ) 2002; 42:217-226. ▲
- Grover JK, Yadav S, Vats V. Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 81:81-100. ▲
- Nag B, Medicherla S, Sharma SD. Orally active fraction of momordica charantia, active peptides thereof, and their use in the treatment of diabetes. US Patent 2002; 6,391,854:1-14. ▲
- Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS. Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:1277-1294. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomed 1995; 2:137-189. ▲
- Krawinkel MB, Keding GB. Bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia): A dietary approach to hyperglycemia. Nutr Rev 2006; 64:331-337. ▲
- Nag B, Medicherla S, Sharma SD. Orally active fraction of momordica charantia, active peptides thereof, and their use in the treatment of diabetes. US Patent 2002; 6,391,854:1-14. ▲
- Krawinkel MB, Keding GB. Bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia): A dietary approach to hyperglycemia. Nutr Rev 2006; 64:331-337. ▲
- Shapiro K, Gong WC. Natural products used for diabetes. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash ) 2002; 42:217-226. ▲
- Nag B, Medicherla S, Sharma SD. Orally active fraction of momordica charantia, active peptides thereof, and their use in the treatment of diabetes. US Patent 2002; 6,391,854:1-14. ▲
- Shapiro K, Gong WC. Natural products used for diabetes. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash ) 2002; 42:217-226. ▲
- Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS. Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:1277-1294. ▲
- Basch E, Gabardi S, Ulbricht C. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): a review of efficacy and safety. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2003; 60:356-359. ▲
- Shapiro K, Gong WC. Natural products used for diabetes. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash ) 2002; 42:217-226. ▲
- Basch E, Gabardi S, Ulbricht C. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): a review of efficacy and safety. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2003; 60:356-359. ▲
- Grover JK, Yadav S, Vats V. Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 81:81-100. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Plants as sources of antidiabetic agents. Economic and Medical Plant Research 1993; 6:149-187. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomed 1995; 2:137-189. ▲
- Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS. Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:1277-1294. ▲
- Shapiro K, Gong WC. Natural products used for diabetes. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash ) 2002; 42:217-226. ▲
- Roman-Ramos R, Flores-Saenz JL, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of some edible plants. J Ethnopharmacol 1995; 48:25-32. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Plants as sources of antidiabetic agents. Economic and Medical Plant Research 1993; 6:149-187. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomed 1995; 2:137-189. ▲
- El Kossori RL, Villaume C, El Boustani E, Sauvaire Y, Mejean L. Composition of pulp, skin and seeds of prickly pears fruit (Opuntia ficus indica sp.). Plant Foods Hum Nutr 1998; 52:263-270. ▲
- Roman-Ramos R, Flores-Saenz JL, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of some edible plants. J Ethnopharmacol 1995; 48:25-32. ▲
- Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS. Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:1277-1294. ▲
- Roman-Ramos R, Flores-Saenz JL, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of some edible plants. J Ethnopharmacol 1995; 48:25-32. ▲
- Frati AC, Gordillo BE, Altamirano P, Ariza CR, Cortes-Franco R, Chavez-Negrete A. Acute hypoglycemic effect of Opuntia streptacantha Lemaire in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1990; 13:455-456. ▲
- Frati-Munari AC, Gordillo BE, Altamirano P, Ariza CR. Hypoglycemic effect of Opuntia streptacantha Lemaire in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1988; 11:63-66. ▲
- Frati AC, Gordillo BE, Altamirano P, Ariza CR, Cortes-Franco R, Chavez-Negrete A. Acute hypoglycemic effect of Opuntia streptacantha Lemaire in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1990; 13:455-456. ▲
- Grover JK, Yadav S, Vats V. Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 81:81-100. ▲
- Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS. Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:1277-1294. ▲
- Azad Khan AK, Akhtar S, Mahtab H. Coccinia indica in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 1979; 5:60-66. ▲
- Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS. Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:1277-1294. ▲
- Griggs B. Green Pharmacy. A history of herbal medicine. 1st ed. London: Robert Hale, 1981. ▲
- Ackerknecht EH. A Short History of Medicine (revised edition). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Unversity Press, 1982. ▲
- Xie JT, Mchendale S, Yuan CS. Ginseng and diabetes. Am J Chin Med 2005; 33:397-404. ▲
- Vogler BK, Pittler MH, Ernst E. The efficacy of ginseng. A systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 55:567-575. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Plants as sources of antidiabetic agents. Economic and Medical Plant Research 1993; 6:149-187. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomed 1995; 2:137-189. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Plants as sources of antidiabetic agents. Economic and Medical Plant Research 1993; 6:149-187. ▲
- Marles RJ, Farnsworth NR. Antidiabetic plants and their active constituents. Phytomed 1995; 2:137-189. ▲
- Vogler BK, Pittler MH, Ernst E. The efficacy of ginseng. A systematic review of randomised clinical trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 55:567-575. ▲
- Sievenpiper JL, Arnason JT, Vidgen E, Leiter LA, Vuksan V. A systematic quantitative analysis of the literature of the high variability in ginseng (Panax spp.): should ginseng be trusted in diabetes? Diabetes Care 2004; 27:839-840. ▲
- Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL. Herbal remedies in the management of diabetes: lessons learned from the study of ginseng. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005; 15:149-160. ▲
- Sotaniemi EA, Haapakoski E, Rautio A. Ginseng therapy in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1995; 18:1373-1375. ▲
- Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Koo VY et al. American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160:1009-1013. ▲
- Vogler BK, Ernst E. Aloe vera: a systematic review of its clinical effectiveness. Br J Gen Pract 1999; 49:823-828. ▲
- Grover JK, Yadav S, Vats V. Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic potential. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 81:81-100. ▲
- Al Rowais NA. Herbal medicine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Saudi Med J 2002; 23:1327-1331. ▲
- Ghannam N, Kingston M, Al Meshaal IA, Tariq M, Parman NS, Woodhouse N. The antidiabetic activity of aloes: preliminary clinical and experimental observations. Horm Res 1986; 24:288-294. ▲
- Yongchaiyudha S, Rungpitarangsi V, Bunyapraphatsara N, Chokechaijaroenporn O. Antidiabetic activity of Aloe vera L. juice: I. Clinical trial in new cases of diabetes mellitus. Phytomed 1996; 3:241-243. ▲
- Bunyapraphatsara N, Yongchaiyudha S, Rungpitarangsi V, Chokechaijaroenporn O. Antidiabetic activity of Aloe vera L. juice: II. Clinical trial in diabetes mellitus patients in combination with glibenclamide. Phytomed 1996; 3:245-248. ▲
- Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Owen R et al. Beneficial effects of viscous dietary fiber from Konjac-mannan in subjects with the insulin resistance syndrome: results of a controlled metabolic trial. Diabetes Care 2000; 23:9-14. ▲
- Vuksan V, Jenkins DJA, Spadafora P et al. Konjac-Mannan (Glucomannan) improves glycemia and other associated risk factors for coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes - A randomized controlled metabolic trial. Diabetes Care 1999; 22:913-919. ▲
- Banerjee SK, Maulik SK. Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: a review. Nutr J 2002; 1:4. ▲
- Banerjee SK, Maulik SK. Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: a review. Nutr J 2002; 1:4. ▲
- Borek C. Garlic reduces dementia and heart-disease risk. J Nutr 2006; 136:810S-812S. ▲
- Budoff M. Aged garlic extract retards progression of coronary artery calcification. J Nutr 2006; 136:741S-744S. ▲
- Ahmad MS, Ahmed N. Antiglycation properties of aged garlic extract: possible role in prevention of diabetic complications. J Nutr 2006; 136:796S-799S. ▲
- Kendler BS. Garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa): a review of their relationship to cardiovascular disease. Prev Med 1987; 16:670-685. ▲
- Keys A. Wine, garlic, and CHD in seven countries. Lancet 1980; 1:145-146. ▲
- Kris-Etherton PM, Etherton TD, Carlson J, Gardner C. Recent discoveries in inclusive food-based approaches and dietary patterns for reduction in risk for cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Lipidol 2002; 13:397-407. ▲
- Banerjee SK, Maulik SK. Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: a review. Nutr J 2002; 1:4. ▲
- Ashraf R, Aamir K, Shaikh AR, Ahmed T. Effects of garlic on dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2005; 17:60-64. ▲
- Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS. Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:1277-1294. ▲
- Banerjee SK, Maulik SK. Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: a review. Nutr J 2002; 1:4. ▲
- Belleville,J: The French paradox: possible involvement of ethanol in the protective effect against cardiovascular diseases. Nutrition 18:173-177, 2002 ▲
- Opie,LH, Lecour,S: The red wine hypothesis: from concepts to protective signalling molecules. Eur Heart J 28:1683-1693, 2007 ▲
- Providencia,R: Cardiovascular protection from alcoholic drinks: scientific basis of the French Paradox. Rev Port Cardiol 25:1043-1058, 2006 ▲
- Baur,JA, Sinclair,DA: Therapeutic potential of resveratrol: the in vivo evidence. Nat Rev Drug Discov 5:493-506, 2006 ▲
- Baur,JA, Sinclair,DA: Therapeutic potential of resveratrol: the in vivo evidence. Nat Rev Drug Discov 5:493-506, 2006 ▲
- Jang,M, Cai,L, Udeani,GO, Slowing,KV, Thomas,CF, Beecher,CW, Fong,HH, Farnsworth,NR, Kinghorn,AD, Mehta,RG, Moon,RC, Pezzuto,JM: Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes. Science 275:218-220, 1997 ▲
- Harikumar,KB, Aggarwal,BB: Resveratrol: A multitargeted agent for age-associated chronic diseases. Cell Cycle 7:1-18, 2008 ▲
- Orallo,F: Trans-resveratrol: a magical elixir of eternal youth? Curr Med Chem 15:1887-1898, 2008 ▲
- Bass,TM, Weinkove,D, Houthoofd,K, Gems,D, Partridge,L: Effects of resveratrol on lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Mech Ageing Dev 128:546-552, 2007 ▲
- Barger,JL, Kayo,T, Vann,JM, Arias,EB, Wang,J, Hacker,TA, Wang,Y, Raederstorff,D, Morrow,JD, Leeuwenburgh,C, Allison,DB, Saupe,KW, Cartee,GD, Weindruch,R, Prolla,TA: A low dose of dietary resveratrol partially mimics caloric restriction and retards aging parameters in mice. PLoS ONE 3:e2264 (1)-e2264 (10), 2008 ▲
- Pearson,KJ, Baur,JA, Lewis,KN, Peshkin,L, Price,NL, Labinskyy,N, Swindell,WR, Kamara,D, Minor,RK, Perez,E, Jamieson,HA, Zhang,Y, Dunn,SR, Sharma,K, Pleshko,N, Woollett,LA, Csiszar,A, Ikeno,Y, Le,CD, Elliott,PJ, Becker,KG, Navas,P, Ingram,DK, Wolf,NS, Ungvari,Z, Sinclair,DA, de,CR: Resveratrol delays age-related deterioration and mimics transcriptional aspects of dietary restriction without extending life span. Cell Metab 8:157-168, 2008 ▲
- Lagouge,M, Argmann,C, Gerhart-Hines,Z, Meziane,H, Lerin,C, Daussin,F, Messadeq,N, Milne,J, Lambert,P, Elliott,P, Geny,B, Laakso,M, Puigserver,P, Auwerx,J: Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha. Cell 127:1109-1122, 2006 ▲
- Milne,JC, Lambert,PD, Schenk,S, Carney,DP, Smith,JJ, Gagne,DJ, Jin,L, Boss,O, Perni,RB, Vu,CB, Bemis,JE, Xie,R, Disch,JS, Ng,PY, Nunes,JJ, Lynch,AV, Yang,H, Galonek,H, Israelian,K, Choy,W, Iffland,A, Lavu,S, Medvedik,O, Sinclair,DA, Olefsky,JM, Jirousek,MR, Elliott,PJ, Westphal,CH: Small molecule activators of SIRT1 as therapeutics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Nature 450:712-716, 2007 ▲
- Sakamoto,K: Silencing metabolic disorders by novel SIRT1 activators. Cell Metab 7:3-4, 2008 ▲
- Pirola,L, Frojdo,S: Resveratrol: one molecule, many targets. IUBMB Life 60:323-332, 2008 ▲
- Lagouge,M, Argmann,C, Gerhart-Hines,Z, Meziane,H, Lerin,C, Daussin,F, Messadeq,N, Milne,J, Lambert,P, Elliott,P, Geny,B, Laakso,M, Puigserver,P, Auwerx,J: Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha. Cell 127:1109-1122, 2006 ▲
- Milne,JC, Lambert,PD, Schenk,S, Carney,DP, Smith,JJ, Gagne,DJ, Jin,L, Boss,O, Perni,RB, Vu,CB, Bemis,JE, Xie,R, Disch,JS, Ng,PY, Nunes,JJ, Lynch,AV, Yang,H, Galonek,H, Israelian,K, Choy,W, Iffland,A, Lavu,S, Medvedik,O, Sinclair,DA, Olefsky,JM, Jirousek,MR, Elliott,PJ, Westphal,CH: Small molecule activators of SIRT1 as therapeutics for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Nature 450:712-716, 2007 ▲
- Zabolotny,JM, Kim,YB: Silencing insulin resistance through SIRT1. Cell Metab 6:247-249, 2007 ▲
- Sun,C, Zhang,F, Ge,X, Yan,T, Chen,X, Shi,X, Zhai,Q: SIRT1 improves insulin sensitivity under insulin-resistant conditions by repressing PTP1B. Cell Metab 6:307-319, 2007 ▲
- Elliott,PJ, Jirousek,M: Sirtuins: Novel targets for metabolic disease. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 9:371-378, 2008 ▲
- Covington MB. Traditional Chinese medicine in the treament of diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum 2001; 14:154-159. ▲
- Jia W, Gao W, Tang L. Antidiabetic herbal drugs officially approved in China. Phytother Res 2003; 17:1127-1134. ▲
- Liu JP, Zhang M, Wang WY, Grimsgaard S. Chinese herbal medicines for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004; Issue 3:CD003642. ▲
- Li WL, Zheng HC, Bukuru J, De KN. Natural medicines used in the traditional Chinese medical system for therapy of diabetes mellitus. J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 92:1-21. ▲
- Jia W, Gao WY, Xiao PG. Antidiabetic drugs of plant origin used in China: compositions, pharmacology, and hypoglycemic mechanisms. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2003; 28:108-113. ▲
- Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 2001; 414:813-820. ▲
- Evans JL, Maddux BA, Goldfine ID. The molecular basis for oxidative stress-induced insulin resistance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2004; 7:1040-1052. ▲
- Evans JL, Goldfine ID, Maddux BA, Grodsky GM. Are oxidative stress-activated signaling pathways mediators of insulin resistance and dysfunction? Diabetes 2003; 52:1-8. ▲
- Evans JL, Goldfine ID, Maddux BA, Grodsky GM. Oxidative stress and stress-activated signaling pathways: a unifying hypothesis of type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev 2002; 23:599-622. ▲
- Evans JL, Maddux BA, Goldfine ID. Antioxidants in diabetic complications and insulin resistance. In: Raz I, Skyler JS, Shafrir E, editors. Diabetes: From Research to Diagnosis and Treatment. London: Martin Dunitz, 2003: 479-496. ▲
- Antioxidants in Diabetes Management. 1st ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2000. ▲
- Evans JL, Youngren JF, Goldfine ID. Effective treatments for insulin resistance: trim the fat and douse the fire. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2004; 15:425-431. ▲
- Henriksen EJ. Exercise training and the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:3-12. ▲
- Packer L, Witt EH, Tritschler HJ. alpha-Lipoic acid as a biological antioxidant. Free Radic Biol Med 1995; 19:227-250. ▲
- Packer L, Witt EH, Tritschler HJ. Antioxidant properties and clinical applications of alpha-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid. In: Cadenas E, Packer L, editors. Handbook of Antioxidants. New York: Dekker, 1998: 545-591. ▲
- Fuchs J, Packer L, Zimmer G. Lipoic Acid in Health and Disease. 1st ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997. ▲
- Reed LJ, DeBusk BG, Gunsalus IC, Hornberger JrCS. Crystalline a-lipoic acid: a catalytic agent associated with pyruvate dehydrogenase. Science 1951; 114:93-94. ▲
- Biewenga GP, Haenen GR, Bast A. The pharmacology of the antioxidant lipoic acid. Gen Pharmacol 1997; 29:315-331. ▲
- Biewenga GP, Haenen GR, Bast A. The role of lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy. Drug Metab Rev 1997; 29:1025-1054. ▲
- Ziegler D, Gries FA. Alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic peripheral and cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes 1997; 46 Suppl 2:S62-S66. ▲
- Ziegler D, Reljanovic M, Mehnert H, Gries FA. Alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy in Germany: current evidence from clinical trials. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1999; 107:421-430. ▲
- Ziegler D, Reljanovic M, Mehnert H, Gries FA. Alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy in Germany: current evidence from clinical trials. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1999; 107:421-430. ▲
- Ziegler D, Nowak H, Kempler P, Vargha P, Low PA. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid: a meta-analysis. Diabet Med 2004; 21:114-121. ▲
- Ziegler D. Thioctic acid for patients with symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy: a critical review. Treat Endocrinol 2004; 3:173-189. ▲
- Gidal BE. New and emerging treatment options for neuropathic pain. Am J Manag Care 2006; 12 (9 Suppl):S269-S278. ▲
- Ziegler D, Ametov A, Barinov A et al. Oral treatment with alpha-lipoic acid improves symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy: the SYDNEY 2 trial. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:2365-2370. ▲
- Doggrell SA. Alpha-lipoic acid, an anti-obesity agent? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2004; 13:1641-1643. ▲
- Jacob S, Henriksen EJ, Schiemann AL et al. Enhancement of glucose disposal in patients with type 2 diabetes by alpha-lipoic acid. Arzneimittel-Forschung 1995; 45:872-874. ▲
- Jacob S, Henriksen EJ, Tritschler HJ, Augustin HJ, Dietze GJ. Improvement of insulin-stimulated glucose-disposal in type 2 diabetes after repeated parenteral administration of thioctic acid. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1996; 104:284-288. ▲
- Evans JL, Goldfine ID. a-Lipoic acid: a multi-functional antioxidant that improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Therap 2000; 2:401-413. ▲
- Jacob S, Rett K, Henriksen EJ, Haring HU. Thioctic acid: effects on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. BioFactors 1999; 10:169-174. ▲
- Jacob S, Henriksen EJ, Schiemann AL et al. Enhancement of glucose disposal in patients with type 2 diabetes by alpha-lipoic acid. Arzneimittel-Forschung 1995; 45:872-874. ▲
- Jacob S, Henriksen EJ, Tritschler HJ, Augustin HJ, Dietze GJ. Improvement of insulin-stimulated glucose-disposal in type 2 diabetes after repeated parenteral administration of thioctic acid. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1996; 104:284-288. ▲
- Jacob S, Ruus P, Hermann R et al. Oral administration of RAC-alpha-lipoic acid modulates insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled pilot trial. Free Radic Biol Med 1999; 27:309-314. ▲
- Konrad T, Vicini P, Kusterer K et al. Alpha-lipoic acid treatment decreases serum lactate and pyruvate concentrations and improves glucose effectiveness in lean and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999; 22:280-287. ▲
- Evans JL, Heymann CJ, Goldfine ID, Gavin LA. Pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and fructosamine-lowering effect of a novel, controlled release formulation of a-lipoic acid. Endocr Pract 2002; 8:29-35. ▲
- Evans JL, Heymann CJ, Goldfine ID, Gavin LA. Pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and fructosamine-lowering effect of a novel, controlled release formulation of a-lipoic acid. Endocr Pract 2002; 8:29-35. ▲
- Pjodkowaki RA, Grotz VL, Mudalar S, Henry RR. The effects of alpha-lipoic acid on glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes. J Invest Med 50, 71A-71A (Abstract 382). 2002. Ref Type: Abstract ▲
- Rudich A, Tirosh A, Potashnik R, Khamaisi M, Bashan N. Lipoic acid protects against oxidative stress induced impairment in insulin stimulation of protein kinase B and glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Diabetologia 1999; 42:949-957. ▲
- Maddux BA, See W, Lawrence JC, Jr., Goldfine AL, Goldfine ID, Evans JL. Protection against oxidative stress-induced insulin resistance in rat L6 muscle cells by micromolar concentrations of a-lipoic acid. Diabetes 2001; 50:404-410. ▲
- Zhang WJ, Frei B. Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and adhesion molecule expression in human aortic endothelial cells. FASEB J 2001; 15:2423-2432. ▲
- Birnbaum MJ. Turning down insulin signaling. J Clin Invest 2001; 108:655-659. ▲
- Evans JL, Maddux BA, Goldfine ID. The molecular basis for oxidative stress-induced insulin resistance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2004; 7:1040-1052. ▲
- Barnes PJ, Karin M. Nuclear factor-kappaB: a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1066-1071. ▲
- Mohamed AK, Bierhaus A, Schiekofer S, Tritschler H, Ziegler R, Nawroth PP. The role of oxidative stress and NF-kB activation in late diabetic complications. BioFactors 1999; 10:157-167. ▲
- Bierhaus A, Schiekofer S, Schwaninger M et al. Diabetes-associated sustained activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB. Diabetes 2001; 50:2792-2808. ▲
- Barnes PJ, Karin M. Nuclear factor-kappaB: a pivotal transcription factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1066-1071. ▲
- Bierhaus A, Schiekofer S, Schwaninger M et al. Diabetes-associated sustained activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB. Diabetes 2001; 50:2792-2808. ▲
- Zhang WJ, Frei B. Alpha-lipoic acid inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and adhesion molecule expression in human aortic endothelial cells. FASEB J 2001; 15:2423-2432. ▲
- Bierhaus A, Chevion S, Chevion M et al. Advanced glycation end product-induced activation of NF-kappaB is suppressed by alpha-lipoic acid in cultured endothelial cells. Diabetes 1997; 46:1481-1490. ▲
- Packer L. alpha-Lipoic acid: a metabolic antioxidant which regulates NF-kappa B signal transduction and protects against oxidative injury. Drug Metab Rev 1998; 30:245-275. ▲
- Hofmann MA, Schiekofer S, Kanitz M et al. Insufficient glycemic control increases nuclear factor-kappa B binding activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1998; 21:1310-1316. ▲
- Hofmann MA, Schiekofer S, Isermann B et al. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from patients with diabetic nephropathy show increased activation of the oxidative-stress sensitive transcription factor NF-kappaB. Diabetologia 1999; 42:222-232. ▲
- Evans JL, Goldfine ID, Maddux BA, Grodsky GM. Are oxidative stress-activated signaling pathways mediators of insulin resistance and ¿ dysfunction? Diabetes 2003; 52:1-8. ▲
- Ruan H, Hacohen N, Golub TR, Van Parijs L, Lodish HF. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha suppresses adipocyte-specific genes and activates expression of preadipocyte genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: nuclear factor-kappaB activation by TNF-alpha is obligatory. Diabetes 2002; 51:1319-1336. ▲
- Rossi A, Kapahi P, Natoli G et al. Anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandins are direct inhibitors of IkappaB kinase. Nature 2000; 403:103-108. ▲
- Yuan M, Konstantopoulos N, Lee J et al. Reversal of obesity- and diet-induced insulin resistance with salicylates or targeted disruption of IKKb. Science 2001; 293:1673-1677. ▲
- Kim JK, Kim YJ, Fillmore JJ et al. Prevention of fat-induced insulin resistance by salicylate. J Clin Invest 2001; 108:437-446. ▲
- Hundal RS, Petersen KF, Mayerson AB et al. Mechanism by which high-dose aspirin improves glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest 2002; 109(10):1321-1326. ▲
- Ziegler D, Reljanovic M, Mehnert H, Gries FA. Alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy in Germany: current evidence from clinical trials. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1999; 107:421-430. ▲
- Mohamed AK, Bierhaus A, Schiekofer S, Tritschler H, Ziegler R, Nawroth PP. The role of oxidative stress and NF-kB activation in late diabetic complications. BioFactors 1999; 10:157-167. ▲
- Barbul A. Arginine: biochemistry, physiology, and therapeutic implications. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1986; 10:227-238. ▲
- Moncada S, Higgs A. The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:2002-2012. ▲
- Fried R, Merrell WC. The Arginine Solution. 1 ed. New York: Warner Books, 1999. ▲
- Palmer RM, Ashton DS, Moncada S. Vascular endothelial cells synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nature 1988; 333:664-666. ▲
- Moncada S, Higgs A. The L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:2002-2012. ▲
- Kobzik L, Reid MB, Bredt DS, Stamler JS. Nitric oxide in skeletal muscle. Nature 1994; 372:546-548. ▲
- Reid MB. Role of nitric oxide in skeletal muscle: synthesis, distribution and functional importance. Acta Physiol Scand 1998; 162:401-409 ▲
- Luscher TF, Noll G. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease: role of the endothelium as a target and mediator. Atherosclerosis 1995; 118 (Suppl):S81-S90. ▲
- Zeiher AM, Drexler H, Saurbier B, Just H. Endothelium-mediated coronary blood flow modulation in humans. Effects of age, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. J Clin Invest 1993; 92:652-662. ▲
- Tschudi MR, Barton M, Bersinger NA et al. Effect of age on kinetics of nitric oxide release in rat aorta and pulmonary artery. J Clin Invest 1996; 98:899-905. ▲
- Pieper GM. Review of alterations in endothelial nitric oxide production in diabetes: protective role of arginine on endothelial dysfunction. Hypertension 1998; 31:1047-1060. ▲
- Honing ML, Morrison PJ, Banga JD, Stroes ES, Rabelink TJ. Nitric oxide availability in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Rev 1998; 14:241-249. ▲
- Honing ML, Morrison PJ, Banga JD, Stroes ES, Rabelink TJ. Nitric oxide availability in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Rev 1998; 14:241-249. ▲
- Gewaltig MT, Kojda G. Vasoprotection by nitric oxide: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 55:250-260. ▲
- Gewaltig MT, Kojda G. Vasoprotection by nitric oxide: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 55:250-260. ▲
- Boger RH, Bode-Boger SM. The clinical pharmacology of L-arginine. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2001; 41:79-99. ▲
- Fried R, Merrell WC. The Arginine Solution. 1 ed. New York: Warner Books, 1999. ▲
- Cooke JP, Zimmer J. The Cardiovascular Cure. How to Strengthen Your Self-Defense Against Heart Attack and Stroke. 1st ed. New York: Broadway, 2002. ▲
- Preli RB, Klein KP, Herrington DM. Vascular effects of dietary L-arginine supplementation. Atherosclerosis 2002; 162:1-15. ▲
- Preli RB, Klein KP, Herrington DM. Vascular effects of dietary L-arginine supplementation. Atherosclerosis 2002; 162:1-15. ▲
- Preli RB, Klein KP, Herrington DM. Vascular effects of dietary L-arginine supplementation. Atherosclerosis 2002; 162:1-15. ▲
- Lekakis JP, Papathanassiou S, Papaioannou TG et al. Oral L-arginine improves endothelial dysfunction in patients with essential hypertension. Int J Cardiol 2002; 86:317-323. ▲
- Maxwell AJ, Anderson B, Zapien MP, Cooke JP. Endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia is reversed by a nutritional product designed to enhance nitric oxide activity. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2000; 14:309-316. ▲
- Clarkson P, Adams MR, Powe AJ et al. Oral L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilation in hypercholesterolemic young adults. J Clin Invest 1996; 97:1989-1994. ▲
- Adams MR, McCredie R, Jessup W, Robinson J, Sullivan D, Celermajer DS. Oral L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilatation and reduces monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in young men with coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 1997; 129:261-269. ▲
- Lerman A, Burnett JC, Jr., Higano ST, McKinley LJ, Holmes DR, Jr. Long-term L-arginine supplementation improves small-vessel coronary endothelial function in humans. Circulation 1998; 97:2123-2128. ▲
- Huynh NT, Tayek JA. Oral arginine reduces systemic blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: its potential role in nitric oxide generation. J Am Coll Nutr 2002; 21:422-427. ▲
- Mehta S, Stewart DJ, Levy RD. The hypotensive effect of L-arginine is associated with increased expired nitric oxide in humans. Chest 1996; 109:1550-1555. ▲
- Facchinetti F, Longo M, Piccinini F, Neri I, Volpe A. L-arginine infusion reduces blood pressure in preeclamptic women through nitric oxide release. J Soc Gynecol Investig 1999; 6:202-207. ▲
- Kelly BS, Alexander JW, Dreyer D et al. Oral arginine improves blood pressure in renal transplant and hemodialysis patients. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2001; 25:194-202. ▲
- Setoguchi S, Hirooka Y, Eshima K, Shimokawa H, Takeshita A. Tetrahydrobiopterin improves impaired endothelium-dependent forearm vasodilation in patients with heart failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2002; 39:363-368. ▲
- Blum A, Hathaway L, Mincemoyer R et al. Effects of oral L-arginine on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and markers of inflammation in healthy postmenopausal women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35:271-276. ▲
- Blum A, Hathaway L, Mincemoyer R et al. Oral L-arginine in patients with coronary artery disease on medical management. Circulation 2000; 101:2160-2164. ▲
- Preli RB, Klein KP, Herrington DM. Vascular effects of dietary L-arginine supplementation. Atherosclerosis 2002; 162:1-15. ▲
- Preli RB, Klein KP, Herrington DM. Vascular effects of dietary L-arginine supplementation. Atherosclerosis 2002; 162:1-15. ▲
- Knekt P, Ritz J, Pereira MA et al. Antioxidant vitamins and coronary heart disease risk: a pooled analysis of 9 cohorts. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:1508-1520. ▲
- Osganian SK, Stampfer MJ, Rimm E et al. Vitamin C and risk of coronary heart disease in women. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 42:246-252. ▲
- Wannamethee SG, Lowe GD, Rumley A, Bruckdorfer KR, Whincup PH. Associations of vitamin C status, fruit and vegetable intakes, and markers of inflammation and hemostasis. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83:567-574. ▲
- Boekholdt SM, Meuwese MC, Day NE et al. Plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid and C-reactive protein, and risk of future coronary artery disease, in apparently healthy men and women: the EPIC-Norfolk prospective population study. Br J Nutr 2006; 96:516-522. ▲
- Lee DH, Folsom AR, Harnack L, Halliwell B, Jacobs DR, Jr. Does supplemental vitamin C increase cardiovascular disease risk in women with diabetes? Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:1194-1200. ▲
- Levine GN, Keaney JF, Jr., Vita JA. Cholesterol reduction in cardiovascular disease. Clinical benefits and possible mechanisms. N Engl J Med 1995; 332(8):512-521. ▲
- Honing ML, Morrison PJ, Banga JD, Stroes ES, Rabelink TJ. Nitric oxide availability in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Rev 1998; 14:241-249. ▲
- Cai H, Harrison DG. Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: the role of oxidant stress. Circ Res 2000; 87:840-844. ▲
- Laight DW, Carrier MJ, Anggard EE. Antioxidants, diabetes and endothelial dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2000; 47:457-464. ▲
- Laight DW, Carrier MJ, Anggard EE. Antioxidants, diabetes and endothelial dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2000; 47:457-464. ▲
- Baron AD, Quon MJ. Insulin action and endothelial function. In: Reaven GM, Laws A, editors. Insulin Resistance: The Metabolic Syndrome X. Totowa: Humana Press, 1999: 247-263. ▲
- Calles-Escandon J, Cipolla M. Diabetes and endothelial dysfunction: a clinical perspective. Endocr Rev 2001; 22:36-52. ▲
- Perticone F, Ceravolo R, Candigliota M et al. Obesity and body fat distribution induce endothelial dysfunction by oxidative stress: protective effect of vitamin C. Diabetes 2001; 50:159-165. ▲
- Timimi FK, Ting HH, Haley EA, Roddy MA, Ganz P, Creager MA. Vitamin C improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 31:552-557. ▲
- Ting HH, Timimi FK, Boles KS, Creager SJ, Ganz P, Creager MA. Vitamin C improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1996; 97:22-28. ▲
- Lekakis JP, Anastasiou EA, Papamichael CM et al. Short-term oral ascorbic acid improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2000; 23:1432-1434. ▲
- Levine GN, Frei B, Koulouris SN, Gerhard MD, Keaney JF, Jr., Vita JA. Ascorbic acid reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 1996; 93:1107-1113. ▲
- Gokce N, Keaney JF, Jr., Frei B et al. Long-term ascorbic acid administration reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 1999; 99(25):3234-3240. ▲
- Gokce N, Keaney JF, Jr., Frei B et al. Long-term ascorbic acid administration reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 1999; 99(25):3234-3240. ▲
- Baron AD, Quon MJ. Insulin action and endothelial function. In: Reaven GM, Laws A, editors. Insulin Resistance: The Metabolic Syndrome X. Totowa: Humana Press, 1999: 247-263. ▲
- Hirai N, Kawano H, Hirashima O et al. Insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in smokers: effects of vitamin C. Am J Physiol 2000; 279:H1172-H1178. ▲
- Hirashima O, Kawano H, Motoyama T et al. Improvement of endothelial function and insulin sensitivity with vitamin C in patients with coronary spastic angina: possible role of reactive oxygen species. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35:1860-1866. ▲
- Antoniades C, Tousoulis D, Tountas C et al. Vascular endothelium and inflammatory process, in patients with combined Type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary atherosclerosis: the effects of vitamin C. Diabet Med 2004; 21:552-558. ▲
- Anderson RA, Evans LM, Ellis GR et al. Prolonged deterioration of endothelial dysfunction in response to postprandial lipaemia is attenuated by vitamin C in Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2006; 23:258-264. ▲
- Chen H, Karne RJ, Hall G et al. High-dose oral vitamin C partially replenishes vitamin C levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes and low vitamin C levels but does not improve endothelial dysfunction or insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 290:H137-H145. ▲
- Bonakdar RA, Guarneri E. Coenzyme Q10. Am Fam Physician 2005; 72:1065-1070. ▲
- Singh RB, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS, Shukla PK, Thakur AS. Effect of hydrosoluble coenzyme Q10 on blood pressure and insullin resistance in hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease. J Hum Hypertens 1999; 13:203-208. ▲
- Ghirlanda G, Oradei A, Manto A et al. Evidence of plasma CoQ10-lowering effect by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 33:226-229. ▲
- Colquhoun DM, Jackson R, Walters M et al. Effects of simvastatin on blood lipids, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 levels and left ventricular function in humans. Eur J Clin Invest 2005; 35:251-258. ▲
- Pyorala K, Laakso M, Uusitupa M. Diabetes and atherosclerosis: an epidemiologic view. Diabetes Metab Rev 1987; 3:463-524. ▲
- Paolisso G, Esposito R, D'Alessio MA, Barbieri M. Primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerosis: is there a role for antioxidants? Diabetes Metab 1999; 25(4):298-306. ▲
- Devaraj S, Jialal I. Antioxidants and vitamins to reduce cardiovascular disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2000; 2:342-351. ▲
- Jialal I, Traber M, Devaraj S. Is there a vitamin E paradox? Curr Opin Lipidol 2001; 12:49-53. ▲
- Jialal I, Traber M, Devaraj S. Is there a vitamin E paradox? Curr Opin Lipidol 2001; 12:49-53. ▲
- Yusuf S, Dagenais G, Pogue J, Bosch J, Sleight P. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:154-160. ▲
- Jialal I, Traber M, Devaraj S. Is there a vitamin E paradox? Curr Opin Lipidol 2001; 12:49-53. ▲
- Devaraj S, Jialal I. Low-density lipoprotein postsecretory modification, monocyte function, and circulating adhesion molecules in type 2 diabetic patients with and without macrovascular complications: the effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation. Circulation 2000; 102:191-196. ▲
- Bursell SE, Clermont AC, Aiello LP et al. High-dose vitamin E supplementation normalizes retinal blood flow and creatinine clearance in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999; 22:1245-1251. ▲
- Bursell SE, Clermont AC, Aiello LP et al. High-dose vitamin E supplementation normalizes retinal blood flow and creatinine clearance in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1999; 22:1245-1251. ▲
- Gaede P, Poulsen HE, Parving HH, Pedersen O. Double-blind, randomised study of the effect of combined treatment with vitamin C and E on albuminuria in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 2001; 18:756-760. ▲
- Manzella D, Barbieri M, Ragno E, Paolisso G. Chronic administration of pharmacologic doses of vitamin E improves the cardiac autonomic nervous system in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73:1052-1057. ▲
- Caballero B. Vitamin E improves the action of insulin. Nutrit Rev 1993; 51:339-340. ▲
- Paolisso G, D'Amore A, Galzerano D et al. Daily vitamin E supplements improve metabolic control but not insulin secretion in elderly type II diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1993; 16:1433-1437. ▲
- Ferrannini E, Mari A. How to measure insulin sensitivity. J Hypertension 1998; 6:895-906. ▲
- Paolisso G, D'Amore A, Galzerano D et al. Daily vitamin E supplements improve metabolic control but not insulin secretion in elderly type II diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1993; 16:1433-1437. ▲
- Paolisso G, D'Amore A, Giugliano D, Ceriello A, Varricchio M, D'Onofrio F. Pharmacological doses of vitamin E improve insulin action in healthy subjects and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Am J Clin Nutrit 1993; 57:650-656. ▲
- Paolisso G, Di Maro G, Galzerano D et al. Pharmacological doses of vitamin E and insulin action in elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59:1291-1296. ▲
- Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Tagliamonte MR, Resnick LM, Paolisso G. Effects of vitamin E and glutathione on glucose metabolism: role of magnesium. Hypertension 1999; 34:1002-1006. ▲
- Manzella D, Barbieri M, Ragno E, Paolisso G. Chronic administration of pharmacologic doses of vitamin E improves the cardiac autonomic nervous system in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 73:1052-1057. ▲
- Stanner SA, Hughes J, Kelly CN, Buttriss J. A review of the epidemiological evidence for the 'antioxidant hypothesis'. Public Health Nutr 2004; 7:407-422. ▲
- Liu S, Lee IM, Song Y et al. Vitamin E and risk of type 2 diabetes in the women's health study randomized controlled trial. Diabetes 2006; 55:2856-2862. ▲
- Lonn E, Bosch J, Yusuf S et al. Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2005; 293:1338-1347. ▲
- Boshtam M, Rafiei M, Golshadi ID, Ani M, Shirani Z, Rostamshirazi M. Long term effects of oral vitamin E supplement in type II diabetic patients. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2005; 75:341-346. ▲
- Sacco M, Pellegrini F, Roncaglioni MC, Avanzini F, Tognoni G, Nicolucci A. Primary prevention of cardiovascular events with low-dose aspirin and vitamin E in type 2 diabetic patients: results of the Primary Prevention Project (PPP) trial. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:3264-3272. ▲
- Czernichow S, Couthouis A, Bertrais S et al. Antioxidant supplementation does not affect fasting plasma glucose in the Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals (SU.VI.MAX) study in France: association with dietary intake and plasma concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:395-399. ▲
- Economides PA, Khaodhiar L, Caselli A et al. The effect of vitamin E on endothelial function of micro- and macrocirculation and left ventricular function in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes 2005; 54:204-211. ▲
- McSorley PT, Bell PM, Young IS et al. Endothelial function, insulin action and cardiovascular risk factors in young healthy adult offspring of parents with Type 2 diabetes: effect of vitamin E in a randomized double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Diabet Med 2005; 22:703-710. ▲
- Lonn E, Bosch J, Yusuf S et al. Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2005; 293:1338-1347. ▲
- Economides PA, Khaodhiar L, Caselli A et al. The effect of vitamin E on endothelial function of micro- and macrocirculation and left ventricular function in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes 2005; 54:204-211. ▲
- Guyton JR. Effect of niacin on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 1998; 82:18U-23U. ▲
- Grundy SM, Vega GL, McGovern ME et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of once-daily niacin for the treatment of dyslipidemia associated with type 2 diabetes: results of the assessment of diabetes control and evaluation of the efficacy of niaspan trial. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162:1568-1576. ▲
- Singh RB, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS, Shukla PK, Thakur AS. Effect of hydrosoluble coenzyme Q10 on blood pressure and insullin resistance in hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease. J Hum Hypertens 1999; 13:203-208. ▲
- Mccarty MF. Exploiting complementary therapeutic strategies for the treatment of type II diabetes and prevention of its complications. Med Hypotheses 1997; 49:143-152. ▲
- Mertz W. Chromium research from a distance: from 1959 to 1980. J Am Coll Nutr 1998; 17:544-547. ▲
- Morris BW, Kouta S, Robinson R, MacNeil S, Heller S. Chromium supplementation improves insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2000; 17:684-685. ▲
- Jeejeebhoy KN, Chu RC, Marliss EB, Greenberg GR, Bruce-Robertson A. Chromium deficiency, glucose intolerance, and neuropathy reversed by chromium supplementation, in a patient receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 1977; 30:531-538. ▲
- Mooradian AD, Failla M, Hoogwerf B, Maryniuk M, Wylie-Rosett J. Selected vitamins and minerals in diabetes. Diabetes Care 1994; 17:464-479. ▲
- Trumbo PR, Ellwood KC. Chromium picolinate intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: an evidence-based review by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Nutr Rev 2006; 64:357-363. ▲
- Kleefstra N, Houweling ST, Jansman FG et al. Chromium treatment has no effect in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in an obese Western population: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:521-525. ▲
- Martin J, Wang ZQ, Zhang XH et al. Chromium picolinate supplementation attenuates body weight gain and increases insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:1826-1832. ▲
- Racek J, Trefil L, Rajdl D, Mudrova V, Hunter D, Senft V. Influence of chromium-enriched yeast on blood glucose and insulin variables, blood lipids, and markers of oxidative stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biol Trace Elem Res 2006; 109:215-230. ▲
- Anderson RA. Chromium in the prevention and control of diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2000; 26:22-27. ▲
- Lukaski HC. Chromium as a supplement. Annu Rev Nutr 1999; 19:279-302. ▲
- Lamson DS, Plaza SM. The safety and efficacy of high-dose chromium. Altern Med Rev 2002; 7:218-235. ▲
- Althuis MD, Jordan NE, Ludington EA, Wittes JT. Glucose and insulin responses to dietary chromium supplements: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76:148-155. ▲
- Anderson RA, Cheng N, Bryden NA, Polansky MM, Chi J, Feng J. Elevated intakes of supplemental chromium improve glucose and insulin variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 1997; 46:1786-1791. ▲
- Anderson RA, Cheng N, Bryden NA, Polansky MM, Chi J, Feng J. Elevated intakes of supplemental chromium improve glucose and insulin variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 1997; 46:1786-1791. ▲
- Uusitupa MI, Mykkanen L, Siitonen O et al. Chromium supplementation in impaired glucose tolerance of elderly: effects on blood glucose, plasma insulin, C-peptide and lipid levels. Br J Nutr 1992; 68:209-216. ▲
- Grant KE, Chandler RM, Castle AL, Ivy JL. Chromium and exercise training: effect on obese women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997; 29:992-998. ▲
- Anderson RA, Cheng N, Bryden NA, Polansky MM, Chi J, Feng J. Elevated intakes of supplemental chromium improve glucose and insulin variables in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 1997; 46:1786-1791. ▲
- Cefalu WT, Hu FB. Role of chromium in human health and in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:2741-2751. ▲
- Juturu V, Komorowski JR. Chromium supplements, glucose, and insulin responses. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78:190-193. ▲
- Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA. Stability and absorption of chromium and absorption of chromium histidinate complexes by humans. Biol Trace Elem Res 2004; 101:211-218. ▲
- DiSilvestro RA, Dy E. Acute absorption comparison of commercially available chromium supplements and one new supplement. Biol Trace Elem Res. In press. ▲
- Anderson RA. Chromium in the prevention and control of diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2000; 26:22-27. ▲
- Cefalu WT, Hu FB. Role of chromium in human health and in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:2741-2751. ▲
- Kleefstra N, Houweling ST, Jansman FG et al. Chromium treatment has no effect in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in an obese Western population: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:521-525. ▲
- Wang ZQ, Zhang XH, Russell JC, Hulver M, Cefalu WT. Chromium picolinate enhances skeletal muscle cellular insulin signaling in vivo in obese, insulin-resistant JCR:LA-cp rats. J Nutr 2006; 136:415-420. ▲
- Byon JCH, Kusari AB, Kusari J. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1B acts as a negative regulator of insulin signal transduction. Mol Cell Biochem 1998; 182:101-108. ▲
- Evans JL, Jallal B. Protein tyrosine phosphatases: their role in insulin action and potential as drug targets. Exp Opin Invest Drugs 1999; 8:139-160. ▲
- Elchebly M, Payette P, Michaliszyn E et al. Increased insulin sensitivity and obesity resistance in mice lacking the protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B gene. Science 1999; 283:1544-1548. ▲
- Klaman LD, Boss O, Peroni OD et al. Increased energy expenditure, decreased adiposity, and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B-deficient mice. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:5479-5489. ▲
- Goldstein BJ. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B): a novel therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and related states of insulin resistance. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord 2001; 1:265-275. ▲
- Ramachandran C, Kennedy BP. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B: a novel target for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Curr Top Med Chem 2003; 3:749-757. ▲
- Malamas MS, Sredy J, Gunawan I et al. New azolidinediones as inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with antihyperglycemic properties. J Med Chem 2000; 43:995-1010. ▲
- Cheon HG, Kim SM, Yang SD, Ha JD, Choi JK. Discovery of a novel protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B inhibitor, KR61639: potential development as an antihyperglycemic agent. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 485:333-339. ▲
- Liu G, Szczepankiewicz BG, Pei Z et al. Discovery and structure-activity relationship of oxalylarylaminobenzoic acids as inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. J Med Chem 2003; 46:2093-2103. ▲
- Wang H, Kruszewski A, Brautigan DL. Cellular chromium enhances activation of insulin receptor kinase. Biochemistry 2005; 44:8167-8175. ▲
- Pender C, Youngren JF, Manchem VP et al. Regulation of insulin receptor function by a small molecule insulin receptor activator. J Biol Chem 2002 ▲
- Li M, Youngren JF, Dunaif A et al. Decreased insulin receptor (IR) autophosphorylation in fibroblasts from patients with PCOS: effects of sering kinase inhibitors and IR activators. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:4088-4093. ▲
- Laires MJ, Monteiro CP, Bicho M. Role of cellular magnesium in health and human disease. Front Biosci 2004; 9:262-276. ▲
- Anonymous. PDR for nutritional supplements. 1st ed ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Co, 2001. ▲
- Laires MJ, Monteiro CP, Bicho M. Role of cellular magnesium in health and human disease. Front Biosci 2004; 9:262-276. ▲
- Yokota K. Diabetes mellitus and magnesium. Clin Calcium 2005; 15:203-212. ▲
- Takaya J, Higashino H, Kobayashi Y. Intracellular magnesium and insulin resistance. Magnes Res 2004; 17:126-136. ▲
- Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Galioto A et al. Role of magnesium in insulin action, diabetes and cardio-metabolic syndrome X. Mol Aspects Med 2003; 24:39-52. ▲
- Tosiello L. Hypomagnesemia and diabetes mellitus: A review of clinical implications. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156:1143-1148. ▲
- Chakraborti S, Chakraborti T, Mandal M, Mandal A, Das S, Ghosh S. Protective role of magnesium in cardiovascular diseases: a review. Mol Cell Biochem 2002; 238:163-179. ▲
- Paolisso G, Barbagallo M. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance: the role of intracellular magnesium. Am J Hypertens 1997; 10:346-355. ▲
- Fox C, Ramsoomair D, Carter C. Magnesium: its proven and potential clinical significance. South Med J 2001; 94:1195-1201. ▲
- Paolisso G, Barbagallo M. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance: the role of intracellular magnesium. Am J Hypertens 1997; 10:346-355. ▲
- Lopez-Ridaura R, Willett WC, Rimm EB et al. Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:134-140. ▲
- Murakami K, Okubo H, Sasaki S. Effect of dietary factors on incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of cohort studies. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2005; 51:292-310. ▲
- Song Y, Manson JE, Buring JE, Liu S. Dietary magnesium intake in relation to plasma insulin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:59-65. ▲
- Ma B, Lawson AB, Liese AD, Bell RA, Mayer-Davis EJ. Dairy, magnesium, and calcium intake in relation to insulin sensitivity: approaches to modeling a dose-dependent association. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 164:449-458. ▲
- Nadler JL, Buchanan T, Natarajan R, Antonipillai I, Bergman RN, Rude R. Magnesium deficiency produces insulin resistance and increased thromboxane synthesis. Hypertension 1993; 21:1024-1029. ▲
- de Valk HW. Magnesium in diabetes mellitus. Neth J Med 1999; 54:139-146. ▲
- Huerta MG, Roemmich JN, Kington ML et al. Magnesium deficiency is associated with insulin resistance in obese children. Diabetes Care 2005; 28(5):1175-1181. ▲
- Sjogren A, Floren CH, Nilsson A. Oral administration of magnesium hydroxide to subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects on magnesium and potassium levels and on insulin requirements. Magnesium 1988; 7(3):117-122. ▲
- Paolisso G, Sgambato S, Pizza G, Passariello N, Varricchio M, D'Onofrio F. Improved insulin response and action by chronic magnesium administration in aged NIDDM subjects. Diabetes Care 1989; 12:265-269. ▲
- Paolisso G, Passariello N, Pizza G et al. Dietary magnesium supplements improve ¿ response to glucose and arginine in elderly non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects. Acta Endocrinol 1989; 121:16-20. ▲
- Rodriguez-Moran M, Guerrero-Romero F. Oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic control in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:1147-1152. ▲
- Yokota K, Kato M, Lister F et al. Clinical efficacy of magnesium supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 2004; 23:506S-509S. ▲
- Anonymous. PDR for nutritional supplements. 1st ed ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Co, 2001. ▲
- Faure P, Roussel A, Coudray C, Richard MJ, Halimi S, Favier A. Zinc and insulin sensitivity. Biol Trace Elem Res 1992; 32:305-310. ▲
- Arquilla ER, Packer S, Tarmas W, Miyamoto S. The effect of zinc on insulin metabolism. Endocrinology 1978; 103:1440-1449. ▲
- Haase H, Maret W. Protein tyrosine phosphatases as targets of the combined insulinomimetic effects of zinc and oxidants. Biometals 2005; 18:333-338. ▲
- Salgueiro MJ, Krebs N, Zubillaga MB et al. Zinc and diabetes mellitus: is there a need of zinc supplementation in diabetes mellitus patients? Biol Trace Elem Res 2001; 81:215-228. ▲
- DiSilvestro RA. Zinc in relation to diabetes and oxidative disease. J Nutr 2000; 130 (5S Suppl):1509S-1511S. ▲
- Zelko IN, Mariani TJ, Folz RJ. Superoxide dismutase multigene family: a comparison of the CuZn-SOD (SOD1), Mn-SOD (SOD2), and EC-SOD (SOD3) gene structures, evolution, and expression. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 33:337-349. ▲
- Salgueiro MJ, Krebs N, Zubillaga MB et al. Zinc and diabetes mellitus: is there a need of zinc supplementation in diabetes mellitus patients? Biol Trace Elem Res 2001; 81:215-228. ▲
- DiSilvestro RA. Zinc in relation to diabetes and oxidative disease. J Nutr 2000; 130 (5S Suppl):1509S-1511S. ▲
- DiSilvestro RA. Zinc in relation to diabetes and oxidative disease. J Nutr 2000; 130 (5S Suppl):1509S-1511S. ▲
- Al-Maroof RA, Al-Sharbatti SS. Serum zinc levels in diabetic patients and effect of zinc supplementation on glycemic control of type 2 diabetics. Saudi Med J 2006; 27:344-350. ▲
- Salgueiro MJ, Krebs N, Zubillaga MB et al. Zinc and diabetes mellitus: is there a need of zinc supplementation in diabetes mellitus patients? Biol Trace Elem Res 2001; 81:215-228. ▲
- Al-Maroof RA, Al-Sharbatti SS. Serum zinc levels in diabetic patients and effect of zinc supplementation on glycemic control of type 2 diabetics. Saudi Med J 2006; 27:344-350. ▲
- Al-Maroof RA, Al-Sharbatti SS. Serum zinc levels in diabetic patients and effect of zinc supplementation on glycemic control of type 2 diabetics. Saudi Med J 2006; 27:344-350. ▲
- Farvid MS, Jalali M, Siassi F, Hosseini M. Comparison of the effects of vitamins and/or mineral supplementation on glomerular and tubular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:2458-2464. ▲
- Farvid MS, Jalali M, Siassi F, Hosseini M. Comparison of the effects of vitamins and/or mineral supplementation on glomerular and tubular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:2458-2464. ▲
- Farvid MS, Siassi F, Jalali M, Hosseini M, Saadat N. The impact of vitamin and/or mineral supplementation on lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2004; 65:21-28. ▲
- Anonymous. Vanadium. In: Hendler SS, Rorvik D, Fleming T, Deutsch M, Wyble C, editors. PDR for nutritional supplements. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Co, 2001: 459-460. ▲
- Evans JL, Jallal B. Protein tyrosine phosphatases: their role in insulin action and potential as drug targets. Exp Opin Invest Drugs 1999; 8:139-160. ▲
- Mehdi MZ, Pandey SK, Theberge JF, Srivastava AK. Insulin signal mimicry as a mechanism for the insulin-like effects of vanadium. Cell Biochem Biophys 2006; 44:73-81. ▲
- Srivastava AK, Mehdi MZ. Insulino-mimetic and anti-diabetic effects of vanadium compounds. Diabet Med 2005; 22:2-13. ▲
- Posner BI, Faure R, Burgess JW et al. Peroxovanadium compounds. A new class of potent phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitors which are insulin mimetics. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:4596-4604. ▲
- Elberg G, He ZB, Li JP, Sekar N, Shechter Y. Vanadate activates membranous nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase in rat adipocytes. Diabetes 1997; 46:1684-1690. ▲
- Posner BI, Faure R, Burgess JW et al. Peroxovanadium compounds. A new class of potent phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitors which are insulin mimetics. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:4596-4604. ▲
- Tsiani E, Fantus IG. Vanadium compounds. Biological actions and potential as pharmacological agents. Trends Endocrin Metabol 1997; 8:51-58. ▲
- Sekar N, Li JP, Shechter Y. Vanadium salts as insulin substitutes: Mechanisms of action, a scientific and therapeutic tool in diabetes mellitus research. Crit Rev Biochem Molec Biol 1996; 31:339-359. ▲
- Heyliger CE, Tahiliani AG, McNeill JH. Effect of vanadate on elevated blood glucose and depressed cardiac performance of diabetic rats. Science 1985; 227:1474-1477. ▲
- Yale JF, Lachance D, Bevan AP, Vigeant C, Shaver A, Posner BI. Hypoglycemic effects of peroxovanadium compoundsin Sprague-Dawley and diabetic BB rats. Diabetes 1995; 44:1274-1279. ▲
- Yao J, Battell ML, McNeill JH. Acute and chronic response to vanadium following two methods of streptozotocin-diabetes induction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1997; 75:83-90. ▲
- Meyerovitch J, Rothenberg P, Shechter Y, Bonner-Weir S, Kahn CR. Vanadate normalizes hyperglycemia in two mouse models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1991; 87:1286-1294. ▲
- Verma S, Cam MC, McNeill JH. Nutritional factors that that favorably influence the glucose/insulin system: Vanadium. J Am Coll Nutr 1998; 17:11-18. ▲
- Goldfine AB, Simonson DC, Folli F, Patti E, Kahn CR. In vivo and in vitro studies of vanadate in human and rodent diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Biochem 1995; 153:217-231. ▲
- Goldfine AB, Simonson DC, Folli F, Patti ME, Kahn CR. Metabolic effects of sodium metavanadate in humans with insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in vivo and in vitro studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80:3311-3320. ▲
- Halberstam M, Cohen N, Shlimovich P, Rossetti L, Shamoon H. Oral vanadyl sulfate improves insulin sensitivity in NIDDM but not in obese nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes 1996; 45:659-666. ▲
- Cohen N, Halberstam M, Shlimovich P, Chang CJ, Shamoon H, Rossetti L. Oral vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1995; 95:2501-2509. ▲
- Boden G, Chen XH, Ruiz J, Vanrossum GDV, Turco S. Effects of vanadyl sulfate on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 1996; 45:1130-1135. ▲
- Cusi K, Cukier S, DeFronzo RA, Torres M, Puchulu FM, Redondo JC. Vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:1410-1417. ▲
- Cusi K, Cukier S, DeFronzo RA, Torres M, Puchulu FM, Redondo JC. Vanadyl sulfate improves hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:1410-1417. ▲
- Anonymous. Vanadium. In: Hendler SS, Rorvik D, Fleming T, Deutsch M, Wyble C, editors. PDR for nutritional supplements. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Co, 2001: 459-460. ▲
- Verma S, Cam MC, McNeill JH. Nutritional factors that that favorably influence the glucose/insulin system: Vanadium. J Am Coll Nutr 1998; 17:11-18. ▲
- Thompson KH, Orvig C. Vanadium compounds in the treatment of diabetes. Met Ions Biol Syst 2004; 41:221-252. ▲
- Thompson KH, Orvig C. Vanadium compounds in the treatment of diabetes. Met Ions Biol Syst 2004; 41:221-252. ▲
- Kofuji K, Qian CJ, Murata Y, Kawashima S. The controlled release of insulin-mimetic metal ions by the multifunction of chitosan. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 99:1329-1334. ▲
- Verma S, Cam MC, McNeill JH. Nutritional factors that that favorably influence the glucose/insulin system: Vanadium. J Am Coll Nutr 1998; 17:11-18. ▲
- Thompson KH, Orvig C. Vanadium compounds in the treatment of diabetes. Met Ions Biol Syst 2004; 41:221-252 ▲
- Badmaev V, Prakash S, Majeed M. Vanadium: a review of its potential role in the fight against diabetes. J Altern Complement Med 1999; 5:273-291. ▲
- Hasenknopf B. Polyoxometalates: introduction to a class of inorganic compounds and their biomedical applications. Front Biosci 2005; 10:275-287. ▲
- Sakurai H. Therapeutic potential of vanadium in treating diabetes mellitus. Clin Calcium 2005; 15:49-57. ▲
- Domingo JL. Vanadium and tungsten derivatives as antidiabetic agents: a review of their toxic effects. Biol Trace Elem Res 2002; 88:97-112. ▲
- Sethi S, Ziouzenkova O, Ni H, Wagner DD, Plutzky J, Mayadas TN. Oxidized omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil inhibit leukocyte-endothelial interactions through activation of PPAR alpha. Blood 2002; 100:1340-1346. ▲
- Jump DB. The biochemistry of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:8755-8758. ▲
- Hu FB, Bronner L, Willett WC et al. Fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 287:1815-1821. ▲
- Harper CR, Jacobson TA. The fats of life: the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161:2185-2192. ▲
- Weber P, Raederstorff D. Triglyceride-lowering effect of omega-3 LC-polyunsaturated fatty acids--a review. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2000; 10:28-37. ▲
- Clarke SD. Polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription: a molecular mechanism to improve the metabolic syndrome. J Nutr 2001; 131:1129-1132. ▲
- Evans JL, Lin JJ, Goldfine ID. Novel approach to treat insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome: simultaneous activation of PPARa, PPARg, and PPARd. Current Diabetes Reviews 2005; 1:299-307. ▲
- Jump DB. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and regulation of gene transcription. Curr Opin Lipidol 2002; 13:155-164. ▲
- Clarke SD. Polyunsaturated fatty acid regulation of gene transcription: a mechanism to improve energy balance and insulin resistance. Br J Nutr 2000; 83 Suppl 1:S59-S66. ▲
- Xu HE, Lambert MH, Montana VG et al. Molecular recognition of fatty acids by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Mol Cell 1999; 3:397-403. ▲
- Hu FB, Bronner L, Willett WC et al. Fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 287:1815-1821. ▲
- Harper CR, Jacobson TA. The fats of life: the role of omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2001; 161:2185-2192. ▲
- Weber P, Raederstorff D. Triglyceride-lowering effect of omega-3 LC-polyunsaturated fatty acids--a review. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2000; 10:28-37. ▲
- Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet 1989; 2:757-761. ▲
- de Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Delaye J, Mamelle N. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation 1999; 99:779-785. ▲
- Singh RB, Niaz MA, Sharma JP, Kumar R, Rastogi V, Moshiri M. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fish oil and mustard oil in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction: the Indian experiment of infarct survival--4. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1997; 11:485-491. ▲
- GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet 1999; 354:447-455. ▲
- de Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Delaye J, Mamelle N. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation 1999; 99:779-785. ▲
- Singh RB, Niaz MA, Sharma JP, Kumar R, Rastogi V, Moshiri M. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fish oil and mustard oil in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction: the Indian experiment of infarct survival--4. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1997; 11:485-491. ▲
- GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet 1999; 354:447-455. ▲
- Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet 1989; 2:757-761. ▲
- Kris-Etherton PM, Taylor DS, Yu-Poth S et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71 (1 Suppl):179S-188S. ▲
- Roche HM. Unsaturated fatty acids. Proc Nutr Soc 1999; 58:397-401. ▲
- Cleland JG, Freemantle N, Coletta AP, Clark AL. Clinical trials update from the American Heart Association: REPAIR-AMI, ASTAMI, JELIS, MEGA, REVIVE-II, SURVIVE, and PROACTIVE. Eur J Heart Fail 2006; 8:105-110. ▲
- Friday KE, Childs MT, Tsunehara CH, Fujimoto WY, Bierman EL, Ensinck JW. Elevated plasma glucose and lowered triglyceride levels from omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in type II diabetes. Diabetes Care 1989; 12:276-281. ▲
- Vessby B, Boberg M. Dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids may impair glucose homeostasis in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Intern Med 1990; 228:165-171. ▲
- Mcmanus RM, Jumpson J, Finegood DT, Clandinin MT, Ryan EA. A comparison of the effects of n-3 fatty acids from linseed oil and fish oil in well-controlled type II diabetes. Diabetes Care 1996; 19:463-467. ▲
- Luo J, Rizkalla SW, Vidal H et al. Moderate intake of n-3 fatty acids for 2 months has no detrimental effect on glucose metabolism and could ameliorate the lipid profile in type 2 diabetic men: Results of a controlled study. Diabetes Care 1998; 21:717-724. ▲
- Prince MJ, Deeg MA. Do n-3 fatty acids improve glucose tolerance and lipemia in diabetics? Curr Opin Lipidol 1997; 8:7-11. ▲
- Montori VM, Farmer A, Wollan PC, Dinneen SF. Fish oil supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a quantitative systematic review. Diabetes Care 2000; 23:1407-1415. ▲
- Montori VM, Farmer A, Wollan PC, Dinneen SF. Fish oil supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a quantitative systematic review. Diabetes Care 2000; 23:1407-1415. ▲
- Anonymous. PDR for nutritional supplements. 1st ed ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Co, 2001. ▲
- Carpentier YA, Portois L, Malaisse WJ. n-3 fatty acids and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83 (6 Suppl):1499S-1504S. ▲
- Mostad IL, Bjerve KS, Bjorgaas MR, Lydersen S, Grill V. Effects of n-3 fatty acids in subjects with type 2 diabetes: reduction of insulin sensitivity and time-dependent alteration from carbohydrate to fat oxidation. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:540-550. ▲
- Pariza MW, Park Y, Cook ME. The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. Prog Lipid Res 2001; 40:283-298. ▲
- Ha YL, Grimm NK, Pariza MW. Anticarcinogens from fried ground beef: heat-altered derivatives of linoleic acid. Carcinogenesis 1987; 8:1881-1887. ▲
- Ip C, Chin SF, Scimeca JA, Pariza MW. Mammary cancer prevention by conjugated dienoic derivative of linoleic acid. Cancer Res 1991; 51:6118-6124. ▲
- Belury MA. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid in health: physiological effects and mechanisms of action. Annu Rev Nutr 2002; 22:505-531. ▲
- MacDonald HB. Conjugated linoleic acid and disease prevention: a review of current knowledge. J Am Coll Nutr 2000; 19 (2 Suppl):111S-118S. ▲
- Pariza MW, Park Y, Cook ME. The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. Prog Lipid Res 2001; 40:283-298. ▲
- MacDonald HB. Conjugated linoleic acid and disease prevention: a review of current knowledge. J Am Coll Nutr 2000; 19 (2 Suppl):111S-118S. ▲
- MacDonald HB. Conjugated linoleic acid and disease prevention: a review of current knowledge. J Am Coll Nutr 2000; 19 (2 Suppl):111S-118S. ▲
- Moya-Camarena SY, Vanden Heuvel JP, Blanchard SG, Leesnitzer LA, Belury MA. Conjugated linoleic acid is a potent naturally occurring ligand and activator of PPARa. J Lipid Res 1999; 40:1426-1433. ▲
- Belury MA. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid in health: physiological effects and mechanisms of action. Annu Rev Nutr 2002; 22:505-531. ▲
- DeLany JP, West DB. Changes in body composition with conjugated linoleic acid. J Am Coll Nutr 2000; 19:487S-493S. ▲
- Ryder JW, Portocarrero CP, Song XM et al. Isomer-specific antidiabetic properties of conjugated linoleic acid. Improved glucose tolerance, skeletal muscle insulin action, and UCP-2 gene expression. Diabetes 2001; 50:1149-1157. ▲
- Belury MA, Mahon A, Banni S. The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer, t10c12-CLA, is inversely associated with changes in body weight and serum leptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Nutr 2003; 133(1):257S-260S. ▲
- Salas-Salvado J, Marquez-Sandoval F, Bullo M. Conjugated linoleic acid intake in humans: a systematic review focusing on its effect on body composition, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2006; 46:479-488. ▲
- Brown JM, McIntosh MK. Conjugated linoleic acid in humans: regulation of adiposity and insulin sensitivity. J Nutr 2003; 133:3041-3046 ▲
- Bhattacharya A, Banu J, Rahman M, Causey J, Fernandes G. Biological effects of conjugated linoleic acids in health and disease. J Nutr Biochem 2006. ▲
- Wang YW, Jones PJ. Conjugated linoleic acid and obesity control: efficacy and mechanisms. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28:941-955. ▲
- Smedman A, Vessby B. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans--metabolic effects. Lipids 2001; 36:773-781. ▲
- Thom E, Wadstein J, Gudmundsen O. Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat in healthy exercising humans. J Int Med Res 2001; 29:392-396. ▲
- Blankson H, Stakkestad JA, Fagertun H, Thom E, Wadstein J, Gudmundsen O. Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat mass in overweight and obese humans. J Nutr 2000; 130:2943-2948. ▲
- Riserus U, Arner P, Brismar K, Vessby B. Treatment with dietary trans10cis12 conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care 2002; 25:1516-1521. ▲
- Riserus U, Basu S, Jovinge S, Fredrikson GN, Arnlov J, Vessby B. Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-dependent oxidative stress and elevated C-reactive protein: a potential link to fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. Circulation 2002; 106:1925-1929. ▲
- Moloney F, Yeow TP, Mullen A, Nolan JJ, Roche HM. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80:887-895. ▲
- Riserus U, Vessby B, Arner P, Zethelius B. Supplementation with trans10cis12-conjugated linoleic acid induces hyperproinsulinaemia in obese men: close association with impaired insulin sensitivity. Diabetologia 2004; 47:1016-1019. ▲
- Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS. Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:1277-1294. ▲
- Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, Phillips RS. Systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:1277-1294. ▲
- Anonymous. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Co, 1998. ▲
- Abebe W. Herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs. J Clin Pharm Ther 2002; 27:391-401. ▲
- Canter PH, Ernst E. Ginkgo biloba: a smart drug? A systematic review of controlled trials of the cognitive effects of ginkgo biloba extracts in healthy people. Psychopharmacol Bull 2002; 36:108-123. ▲
- Birks J, Grimley EV, Van Dongen M. Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;CD003120. ▲
- Kudolo GB. The effect of 3-month ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on pancreatic beta-cell function in response to glucose loading in individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 41:600-611. ▲