The evaluation of infertility assesses each component of reproductive physiology to identify an abnormality: the cervix, the uterus, the endometrium, the semen, the ovarian function, the fallopian tubes and the peritoneum. Of course, each evaluation begins with a history and physical. Often, historical evidence directs and streamlines subsequent laboratory evaluation, frequently eschewing other tests before beginning therapy. It follows, that each abnormality found should be treated to maximize fertility.