1.Tanner JM. Growth at Adolescence. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1962.
2.Grumbach MM, Styne DM. Puberty: ontogeny, neuroendocrinology, physiology, and disorders. In:Wilson JD, Foster DW, Kronenberg HM, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology 9th Edition. WB Saunders Company; 1998: 1509-1625.
3.Herman-Giddens ME, Slora EJ, Wasserman RC, et al. Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: a study from the pediatric research in office settings network. Pediatrics 1997; 99: 505-512.
4.Kaplowitz PB, Oberfield SE and the Drug and Therapeutics and Executive Committees of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society. Reexamination of the Age limit for defining when puberty is precocious in girls in the United States: implications for evaluation and treatment. Pediatrics 1999; 104: 936-941.
5.Biro FM, Lucky AW, Huster GA, Morrison JA. Pubertal staging in boys. J Pediatr 1995; 127:100-102.
6.Kaplowitz P. Clinical characteristics of 104 children referred for evaluation of precocious puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 3644-3650.
7.Stavrou I, Zois C, Ioannidis JPA, Tsatsoulis A. Association of polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor α gene with the age of menarche. Human Reprod 2002; 17: 1101-1105.
8.Kaplan SL, Grumbach MM. Pathogenesis of sexual precocity. In: Grumbach MM, Sizonenko PC, Aubert ML, eds. Control of the Onset of Puberty. Baltimore MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1990: 620-660.
9.Smail PJ, Faiman C, Hobson WC et al. Further studies on adrenarche in nonhuman primates. Endocrinology. 1982; 111: 844-848.
10.Ebling FJP, Cronin AS. The neurobiology of reproductive development. Neuroreport 2000; 11: R23-33.
11.Bourguignon JP, Lebrethon MC. Le primum movens du déclenchement pubertaire: signaux hypothalamiques, périphériques et environnementaux. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 2000; 29 : 295-297.
12.Smith R, Mesiano S, Chan EC et al. Corticotropin – releasing hormon directly and preferentially stimulates dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate secretion by human fetal adrenal cortical cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:2916-2920
13.Biason-Lauber A, Zachmann M, Schoenle EJ. Effect of leptin on CYP17 enzymatic activities in human adrenal cells: new insight in the onset of adrenarche. Endocrinology. 2000; 141: 1446-1454
14.Miller WL. Early steps in androgen biosynthesis : from cholesterol to DHEA. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998; 12:67-81.
15.Auchus RJ, Rainey WE. Adrenarche – physiology, biochemistry and human disease. Clinical Endocrinology 2004;60: 288-296
16.Crofton PM, Illingworth PJ, Groome NP et al. Changes in dimeric inhibin A and B during normal early puberty in boys and girls. Clin Endocrinol 1997; 46(1): 109-114.
17.Treacy MN, Rosenfeld MG. Expression of a family of POU-domain protein regulatory genes during development of the central nervous system. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1992; 15: 139-165
18.Hatzopoulos AK, Stoykova AS, Erselius JR et al. Structure and expression of the mouse Oct2a and Oct2b, two differentially spliced products of the same gene. Development. 1990; 109: 349-362
19.Ojeda SR, Hill J, Hill DF et al. The Oct-2 POU-domain gene in the neuroendocrine brain: a transcriptional regulator of mammalian puberty. Endocrinology. 1999; 3774-3789
20.Lee BJ, Cho GJ, Norgren R et al. TTF-1, a homeodomain gene required for diencephalic morphogenesis, is postnatally expressed in the neuroendocrine brain in a developmentally regulated and cell-specific fashion. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2001; 17: 107-126
21.Rampazzo A, Pivotto F, Occhi G et al. Characterization of C14orf4, a novel intronless human gene containing a polyglutamine repeat, mapped to the ARVD1 critical region. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000; 278: 766-774
22.Heger S, Mastronardi C, Lomniczi A et al. Role of a novel gene (enhanced at pubertà, EAP-1) in the regulation of female pubertà. Horm Res. 2005; 64 (suppl. 1): 22
23.Krewson TD, Supelak PJ, Hill AE et al. Chromosomes 6 and 13 harbor genes that regulate pubertal timing in mouse chromosome substitution strains. Endocrinology. 2004; 145: 4447-4451
24.Eaves L, Silberg J, Foley D, et al. Genetic and environmental influences on the relative timing of pubertal change. Twin Res. 2004; 7: 471-481
25.Tena-Sempere M. GPR54 and kisspeptin in reproduction. Hum Reprod Update. 2006; 12: 631-639.
26.Ohtaki T, Shintani Y, Honda S, et al. Metastasis suppressor gene KiSS-1 encodes peptides ligand of a G-protein-coupled receptor. Nature. 2001; 411: 613-617
27.Steeg PS, Ouatas T, Halverson D et al. Metastasis suppressor genes : basic biology and potential clinical use. Clin Breast Cancer. 2003; 4: 51-62
28.Shahab M, Mastronardi C, Seminara SB, et al. Increased hypothalamic GPR-54 signaling: a potential mechanism for initiation of puberty in primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2005; 102: 2129-2134
29.Gottsch ML, Cunninghanam MJ, Smith JT et al. A role for kisspeptins in the regulation of gonadotropine secretion in the mouse. Endocrinology. 2004;145:4073-4077
30.Irwig MS, Fraley GS, Smith JT et al. Kisspeptin activation of gonadotropine releasing hormone neurons and regulation of KiSS-1 mRNA in the male rat. Neuroendocrinology. 2005; 80: 264-272
31.Muir AI, Chamberlain L, Elshourbagy NA , et al. AXOR12, a novel human G protein-coupled receptor, activated by the peptide KiSS-1. J Biol Chem. 2001; 276: 28969-28975.
32.Kotani M, Detheux M, Vandenbogaerde A et al. The metastasis suppressor genes KiSS-1 encodes kisspeptins, the naturals ligands of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. J Biol Chem. 2001; 276: 34631-34636.
33.de Rouux N, Genin E, Carel JC, et al. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to loss of function of the KiSS-1 – derived peptide receptor GPR54. Pro Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003; 100: 10972-10976.
34.Seminara SB, Messager S, Chaztidaki EE, The GPR54 gene as a regulator of pubertà. N Rng J Med 2003; 349: 1614-1627.
35.Funes S, Hendrick JA, Vassileva G et al. The KiSS-1 receptor GPR54 is essential for the the development of the murine reproductive system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003; 312: 1357-1363.
36.Irwig MS, Fraley GS, Smith JT et al. Kisspeptin activation of gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons and regulation of KiSS-1 mRNA in the male rat. Neuroendocrinology. 2004 ; 80 : 264-272
37.Matsui H, Takatsu Y, Kumanu S, et al.Peripheal administration of metastatin induce marked gonadotropine release and ovulation in the rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004; 320:383-388
38.Navarro VM, Castellano JM, Fernandez-Fernandez R et al., Advanced vaginal opening and precocious activation of the reproductive axis by KiSS-1 peptide, the endogenous ligand of GPR54. J Physiol 2004; 561: 379-386
39.Navarro VM, Castellano JM, Fernandez-Fernandez R et al. Characterization of the potent LH releasing activity of KiSS-1 peptide, the natural ligand of GPR 54. Endocrinology. 2005; 146:156-163
40.Navarro VM, Castellano JM, Fernandez-Fernandez R et al. Effects of KiSS-1 peptide, the natural ligand of GPR54, on follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in the rat. Endocrinology. 2005; 146: 1689-1697
41.Thompson EL, Patterson M, Murphy KG et al. Central and peripheral administration of kiss-peptin-10 stimulates the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. J Neuroendocrinol. 2004; 16: 850-858.
42.Han SK, Gottsch ML, Lee KJ, et al. Activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons by kisspeptin as a neuroendocrine switch for the onset of puberty. J Neurosci 25, 11349-11356
43.Smith JT, Cunningham MJ, Rissman EF et al. Regulation of Kiss1 gene expression in the brain of the female mouse. Endocrinology. 2005; 146: 3686-3692
44.Smith JT, Dungan HM, Stol EA et al. Differential regulation of KiSS-1 mRNA expression by sex steroids in the brain of the male mouse. Endocrinology. 2005; 146: 2976-2984
45.Tena-Sempere M, Hypothalamic KiSS-1: the missing link in gonadotropine feedback control? Endocrinology. 2005; 146: 3683-3685
46.Castellano JM, Navarro VM, Fernandez-Fernandez R et al. Changes in hypothalamic KiSS-1 system and restoration of pubertal activation of the reproductive axis by kisspeptin in undernutrition. Endocrinology. 2005; 146: 3917-3925
47.Cunningham MJ, Clifton DK and Steiner RA Leptin’s actions on the reproductive axis: perspectives and mechanism. Biol Reprod. 1999; 60: 616-622
48.Ojeda SR, Lomniczi A, Mastronardi C, Minireview: the neuroendocrine regulation of puberty: is the time ripe for a systems biology approach? Endocrinology. 2006 ; 147 : 1166-1174
49.Plant T.M. Neurophysiology of Puberty. J Adolesc Health 2002; 31: 185-191
50.Bourgoignon J. P. Lebrethon M.C., Gerard A. et al., Amino acid neurotrasmission and early ontogeny of pulsatile GnRH secretion from the rat hypothalamus. In: Bourgoignon J. P., Plant T.M., eds. The onset of puberty in perspective. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B. V. 2000; 119-129
51.El-Khayat HA Shatla HM Ali GKH et al. Physical and hormonal profile of male sexual development in epilepsy. Epilepsia 2003; 44: 447-452
52.Cherubini E. Gaiarsa JL Ben-Ari Y GABA:an excitatory transmitter in early postnatal life. Trends Neurosci. 1991; 14: 515-519
53.Plant TM et al. Neurobiological Mechanism of Puberty in higher primates. Human Reproduction Update. 2004; vol 10: 1 , 67-77.
54.Silverman AJ, Livne I, Witkin JW. The gonadotropine-releasing hormone (GnRH), neuronal system: immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridisation. In: Knobil E, Neill JD, EDS. The physiology of reproduction. 2nd ed. Vol 1. New York: Raven Press, 1994; 1683-1709.
55.King JC Letourneau RL. Luteinizing hormon-releasing hormon terminals in the median eminence of rats undergo dramatic change after gonadectomy as revealed by electron microscopic image analysis. Endocrinology. 1994; 134:1340-1351
56.Kozlowski GP, Coates PW Ependymoneuronal specialization between LHRH fibers and cells of the cerebroventricular system. Cell Tissue Res 1985; 242: 301-311
57.King JC Rubin BS. Recruitment of LHRH neurons and increased access of LHRH terminals to portal capillaries: integral mechanism for LH surge induction. Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 1996; 57 (Suppl 4):72
58.Ma YJ, Berg-von der Emde K, Rage F, et al. Hypothalamic astrocytes respond to transforming growth factor with secretion of neuroactive substances that stimulate the release of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Endocrinology 1997;138: 19-25.
59.Prevot V, Cornea A, Mungenast A, et al. Activation of erbB-1 signaling in tanycytes of the median eminence stimulates transforming growth factor b1release via prostaglandin E2 production and induces cell plasticity. J Neurosci. 2003; 23: 10622-10632
60.Clement K, Vaisse C, Lahlou N, et al. A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction. Nature 1998; 392: 398-401.
61.Azziz R. Reproductive endocrinologic alterations in female asymptomatic obesity. Fertil Steril 1989; 52: 703-725.
62.Bussen S, Sutterlin M, Steck T. Endocrine abnormalities during the follicular phase in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Hum Reprod 1999; 14: 18-20.
63.Hollmann M, Runnebaum B, Gerhard I. Effects of weight loss on the hormonal profile in obese, infertile women. Hum Reprod 1996; 11: 1884-1891.
64.Carantoni M, Abbasi F, Azhar S, Schaaf P, Reaven GM. Can changes in plasma insulin concentration explain the variability in leptin response to weight loss in obese women with normal glucose tolerance? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 869-872.
65.Ong KKL, Ahmed ML, Dunger DB. The role of leptin in human growth and puberty. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1999: 433: 95-98.
66.Mantzoros CS. Role of leptin in reproduction. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 900: 174-183.
67.Caprio S. Insulin: the other anabolic hormone of puberty. Acta Paediatr Suppl 1999: 433: 84-87.
68.Ghizzoni L, Mastorakos G, Vottero A. Adrenal hyperandrogenism in children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84 (12): 4431-4435.
69.Saenger P, Reiter EO. Premature adrenarche: a normal variant of puberty? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992; 74: 236-238.
70.Mann DR, Johnson A, Gimpel T, Castracane D. Changes in circulating leptin, leptin receptor, and gonadal hormones from infancy until advanced age in humans. J Clin Endocrinol metab 2003; 88: 3339-3345.
71.Byrd W, Bennett MJ, Carr BR, Dong Y, Wians F, Rainey W. Regulation of biologically active dimeric inhibin A and B from infancy to adulthood in the male. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83(8): 2849-54.
72.Luisi S, Lombardi I, Florio P, et al. Serum activin A levels in males and females durino pubertal developmnt. Gynecol Endocrinol 2001; 15 (1): 1-4.
73.Kiess W, Muller G, Galler A, et al. Body fat mass, leptin and puberty. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2000; 13: 717-722.
74.Foster CM, Phillips DJ, Wyman T, Evans LW, Groome NP, Padmanabhan V. Changes in serum inhibin, activin and follistatin concentrations during puberty in girls. Hum Reprod 2000: 15 (5): 1052-1057.
75.Meachem SJ, Nieschlag E, Simoni M. Inhibin B in male reproduction: pathophysiology and clinical relevance. Eur J Endocrinol 2001; 145: 561-571.
76.Horlick MB, Rosenbaum MN, Levine LS, et al. Effect of puberty on the relationship between circulating leptin and body composition. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2509-2518.
77.Bornstein SR, Uhlmann K, Haidan A, Bornstein ME, Scherbaum WA. Evidence for a novel peripheral action of leptin as a metabolic signal to the adrenal gland. Diabetes 1997; 46: 1235-1238.
78.Ghizzoni L, Barreca A, Mastorakos G,et al. Leptin inhibits steroid biosynthesis by human granulosa-lutein cells. Horm Metab Res 2001; 33: 323-328.
79.Ibanez L, Virdis R, Potau N, et al. Natural history of premature pubarche : an auxological study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992; 74: 254-257.
80.Wickman S, Saukkonen T, Dunkel L. The role of sex steroids in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and serum lipid concentrations during male puberty: a prospective study with a P450-aromatase inhibitor. European journal of Endocrinology 2002; 146: 339-346.
81.Bottner A, Kratzsch J, Muller G, Kapellen TM, Bluher S, Keller E, Bluher M, Kiess W. Gender differences of adiponectin levels develop during the progression of puberty and are related to serum androgen levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 4053-4061.
82.Crofton PM, Illingworth PJ, Groome NP et al. Changes in dimeric inhibin A and B during normal early puberty in boys and girls. Clin Endocrinol 1997; 46(1): 109-114.
83.Ghizzoni L, Milani S. The Natural History of Premature Adrenarche. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2000; 13: 1247-1251.
84.Pang SY. Premature pubarche. Pediatr Adolesc Endocrinol. 1984; 13: 173-184.
85.Voutilainen R, Perheentupa J, Apter D. Benign premature adrenarche : clinical features and serum steroid levels. Acta Paediatr Scand 1983; 72: 707-711.
86.Morris AH, Reiter EO, Geffner ME, Lippe BM, Itami RM, Mayes DM. Absence of nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia in patients with precocious adrenarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989; 69: 709-715.
87.New M, Ghizzoni L, Speiser PW. Update on congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In: Lifshitz F, eds. Pediatric Endocrinology, 3rd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker 1996; 305-320.
88.Dacou-Voutetakis C, Dracopoulou M. High incidence of molecular defects of the CYP21 gene in patients with premature adrenarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 1570-1574.
89.Korth-Schutz S, Levine LS, New MI. Serum androgens in normal prepubertal and pubertal children and in children with precocious adrenarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976; 42: 117-124.
90.de Peretti E, Forest MG. Unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone plasma levels in normal subjects from birth to adolescence in human: the use of a sensitive radioimmunoassay. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1976; 43: 982-991.
91.Ibanez L, Potau N, Virdis R, et al. Postpubertal outcome in girls diagnosed of premature pubarche during childhood : increased frequency of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 76: 1599-1603.
92.Oppenheimer E, Linder B, DiMartino-Nardi J. Decreased insulin sensitivity in prepubertal girls with premature adrenarche and acanthosis nigricans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 614-618.
93.Pang S, Carbunaru G, Haider A, Copeland KC, Chang YT, Lutfallah C, Mason JL. Carriers for type II 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B2) deficiency can only be identified by HSD3B2 genotype study and not by hormone test. Clin Endocrinol 2003; 58 (3): 323-331.
94.Ibanez L, Potau N, Zampolli M, et al. Hyperinsulinaemia in postpubertal girls with a history of premature pubarche and functional ovarian hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 1237-1243.
95.Vuguin P, Linder B, Rosenfeld RG, Saenger P, DiMartino-Nardi J. The roles of insulin sensitivity, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-1 and –3 in the hyperandrogenism of African-American and Caribbean Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 2037-2042.
96.Ibanez L, Potau N, Francois I, de Zegher F. Precocious pubarche, hyperinsulinism, and ovarian hyperandrogenism in girls : relation to reduced fetal growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 3558-3562.
97.Illicki A, Prager LR, Kauli R, Kaufman H, Schachter A, Laron Z. Premature thelarche: natural history and sex hormone secretion in 68 girls. Acta Paediatr Scand 1984; 73: 756-762.
98.Klein KO, Mericq V, Brown-Dawson JM, Larmore KA, Cabezas P, Cortinez A. Estrogen levels in girls with premature thelarche compared with normal prepubertal girls as determined by an ultrasensitive recombinant cell bioassay. J Pediatr 1999; 134 (2): 190-192.
99.Sizonenko PC. Preadolescent and adolescent endocrinology: physiology and physiopathology. II. Hormonal changes during abnormal pubertal development. Am J Dis Child 1978; 132: 797-805.
100.Clark PM, Hindmarsh PC, Shiell AW, Law CM, Honour JW, Barker DJ. Size at birth and adrenocortical function in childhood. Clin Endocrinol 1996; 45: 721-726.
101.Boonstra VH, Mulder PGH, de Jong FH, Hokken-Koelega ACS. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sul fate levels and pubarche in short children born small for gestational age before and during growth hormone treatment. J clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 712-717.
102.Herman-Giddens ME, Slora EJ, Wasserman RC, Bourdony CJ, Bhapkar MV, Koch GG, Hasemeier CM. Secondary sexual characteristics and mensesin young girls seen in office practice: a study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network. Pediatrics 1997; 99: 505-512.
103.Ghirri P, Bernardini M, Vuerich M et al. Adrenarche, pubertal development, age at menarche and final height of full-term, born small for gestational age (SGA) girls. Gynecol Endocrinol 2001; 15: 91-97.
104.Dumic M, Tajic M, Mardesic D, Kalafatic Z. Premature thelarche: a possible adrenal disorder. Arch Dis Child 1982; 57: 200-203.
105.Saenz de Rodriguez CA, Bongiovanni AM, Conge de BorregoL. An epidemic of precocious development in Puerto Rican children. J Pediatr 1985; 107: 393-396.
106.Pasquino AM, Piccolo F, Scalamandré A, Malvaso M, Ortolani R, Boscherini B. Hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadotropic function in girls with premature thelarche. Arch Dis Child 1980; 55: 941-944.
107.Reiter EO, Kaplan SL, Conte FA, Grumbach MM. Resposivity of pituitary gonadotropins to luteinizing hormone-releasing factor in idiopathic precocious puberty, precocious thelarche, precocious adrenarche and in patients treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Pediatr Res 1975; 9: 111-115.
108.Freedman SM, Kreitzer PM, Elkowitz SS, Soberman N, Leonidas JC. Ovarian microcysts in girls with isolated premature thelarche. J Pediatr 1994; 124 (6): 993
109.Verrotti A, Ferrari M, Morgese G, Chiarelli F. Premature thelarche: a long-term follow-up. Gynecol Endocrinol 1996; 10 (4): 241-247.
110.Roman R, Johnson mC, Corner E, Boric MA, Avila A, Cassarla F. Activating GNAS1 gene mutations in patients with premature thelarche. J pediatr 2004; 145: 218-222.
111.Teilmann G, Juul A,, Skakkebaek NE, Toppati J. Putative effects of endocrine disrupters on pubertal development in the human. Best Practice& Research Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2002; 16: 105-121.
112.Pasquino AM, Pucarelli I, Passeri F, Segni M, Mancini MA. Progression of premature thelarche to central precocious pubertà. J Pediatr 1995; 126 (1): 11-14.
113.Volta C, Bernasconi S, Cisternino M, et al. Isolated premature thelarche and thelarche variant: clinical and auxological follow-up of 119 girls. J Endocrinol Invest 1998; 21: 180-183.
114.Salardi S, Cacciari E, Mainetti B, Mozzanti L, Pirazzoli P. Outcome of premature thelarche: relation to puberty and final height. Arch Dis Child 1998; 79: 173-174.
115.Haber HP, Wollmann HA, Ranke MB. Pelvic ultrasonography: early differentiation between isolated premature thelarche and central precocious puberty. Eur J Pediatr 1997; 156 (1): 78-79.
116.Sales DS, Moreira AC, Camacho-Hubner C, Ricco RG, Daneluzzi JC, Campos AD, Martinelli CE. Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in girls with premature thelarche. J pediatr Endocrinol metab 2003; 16 (6): 827-833.
117.Herter LD, Golendziner E, Flores JA et al. Ovarian and uterine findings in pelvic sonography. Comparision between prepubertal girls, girls with isolated thelarche and girls with central precocious puberty. J Ultrasound Med. 2002; 21: 1237-1246
118.de Vries L, Horev G, Schwartz M. Ultrasonographic and clinical parameters for early differentiation between precocious puberty and premature thelarche, Eur J Endocrinol. 2006 Jun ; 154 (6): 891-8)
119.Lourdes I, Potau N, Zampolli M, et al. Use of Leuprolide acetate response patterns in the early diagnosis of pubertal disorders: comparison with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 30-35.
120.Reiter EO, Lee PA. Delayed Puberty. Adolesc Med 2002 ; 13(1): 101-118.
121.Finkelstein JS, Neer RM, Biller BMK, Crawford JD. Osteopenia in men with a history of delayed puberty. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 600-604.
122.Bonjour J-P. Delayed puberty and peak bone mass. Eur J Endocrinol 1998; 139: 257-259.
123.Bertelloni S, Baroncelli G.I., Ferdeghini M, Perri G, Maggese G. Normal volumetric bone mineral density and bone turnover in young men with histories of constitutional delay of puberty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83: 4280-4283.
124.Gourmelen M, Pham-Huu-Trung MT, Girard F. Transient partial GH deficiency in prepubertal children with delay of growth. Pediatr Res 1979; 13: 221-224.
125.Lanes R, Bohorquez MDSL, Leal V, Hernandez G, Borges M, Hurtado E et al. Growth hormone secretion in patients with constitutional delay of growth and pubertal development. J Pediatr 1986; 109: 781-783.
126.Martha PM jr, Reiter EO. Pubertal growth and growth hormone secretion. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1991; 20: 165-182.
127.Street ME, Bandello MA, Terzi C, Ibanez L, Ghizzoni L, Volta C et al. Luteinizing hormone responses to leuprolide acetate discriminate between hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and constitutional delay of pubertà. Fertil Steril 2002; 77 (3): 555-560.
128.Dunkel L, Wickman S. Novel treatment of delayed male puberty with aromatase inhibitors. Horm Res 2002; 57 Suppl2: 44-52.
129.Lampit M, Hochberg Z. Androgen therapy in constitutional delay of growth. Horm Res 2003; 59: 270-275.
130.Bierich JR. Therapy with growth hormone-old and new indications. Horm Res 1989; 32 (5-.6): 153-165.
131.Loche S, Cambiaso M, Setzu S, Carta D, Marini R, Borrelli P et al. Final height after growth hormone therapy in non-growth-hormone-deficient children with short stature. J Pediatr 1994; 125: 196-200.
132.Bernasconi S, Street ME, Volta C, Mazzardo G. Final height in non-growth hormone deficient children treated with growth hormone. The Italian multicentre study group. Clin Endocrinol 1997; 47(3): 261-266.