etx-obesity-ch6-fig1

Figure 1. The satiety cascade, as originally presented (17), showing the expression of appetite as the relationship between three levels of operations: the behavioral pattern, peripheral physiology and metabolism, and brain activity. See for Andermann & Lowell (18) for a more recent review of the central control of food intake. PVN, paraventricular nucleus; NST, nucleus of the tractus solitarius; CCK, cholecystokinin; FFA, free fatty acids; T: LNAA, tryptophan: large neutral amino acids.